TiC particles synthesized in situ by reacting K₂TiF₆ and graphite in molten aluminum were introduced into Al-Bi-Cu alloys to control its microstructure, increase its tensile strength and improve its wear performance. Al-Bi-Cu alloy has serious coarsening and macrosegregation behaviors during solidification due to the liquid phase separation. However, the coarsening and macrosegregation of Bi-rich phase were significantly impeded by adding 0.5 wt.%-2 wt.% TiC due to the heterogeneous nucleation and self-assembly behaviors provided by TiC particles. The average grain size of α-Al decreased from 36.6 μm (0.5 wt.% TiC) to 18.9 µm (2 wt.% TiC), and the average size of the Bi-rich phase decreased from 4.56 µm (0.5 wt.% TiC) to 3.26 µm (2 wt.% TiC). The results showed that the addition of TiC refines the size of grains and Bi-rich phases and solves the problem of coarsening and macrosegregation caused by liquid phase separation in the alloy. The tensile strength and elongation of the Al-Bi-Cu alloy are improved simultaneously after adding TiC particles and reach their maximum values at a TiC content of 1wt.%, which are 236MPa and 12.46%, respectively. In addition, the alloy containing 1 wt.% TiC has the lowest coefficient of friction and wear loss with the worn surface smooth and flat, indicating that the uniformly dispersed Bi-rich phase is beneficial to improve the friction and wear performance of the alloy.

通过与 K ₂ TiF ₆反应原位合成的 TiC 颗粒将熔融铝中的石墨引入 Al-Bi-Cu 合金中以控制其微观结构，增加其抗拉强度并改善其磨损性能。由于液相分离，Al-Bi-Cu合金在凝固过程中具有严重的粗化和宏观偏析行为。然而，由于 TiC 颗粒提供的异相成核和自组装行为，添加 0.5 wt.%-2 wt.% TiC 显着阻碍了富 Bi 相的粗化和宏观偏析。α-Al 的平均晶粒尺寸从 36.6 μm（0.5 wt.% TiC）减小到 18.9 μm（2 wt.% TiC），富铋相的平均尺寸从 4.56 μm（0.5 wt.% TiC）减小) 至 3.26 µm (2 wt.% TiC)。结果表明，TiC的加入细化了晶粒和富Bi相的尺寸，解决了合金中液相分离引起的粗化和宏观偏析问题。添加TiC颗粒后，Al-Bi-Cu合金的抗拉强度和延伸率同时提高，在TiC含量为1wt.%时达到最大值，分别为236MPa和12.46%。此外，含 1 wt.% TiC 的合金具有最低的摩擦系数和磨损损失，磨损表面光滑平整，表明均匀分散的富 Bi 相有利于提高合金的摩擦磨损性能。添加TiC颗粒后，Al-Bi-Cu合金的抗拉强度和延伸率同时提高，在TiC含量为1wt.%时达到最大值，分别为236MPa和12.46%。此外，含 1 wt.% TiC 的合金具有最低的摩擦系数和磨损损失，磨损表面光滑平整，表明均匀分散的富 Bi 相有利于提高合金的摩擦磨损性能。添加TiC颗粒后，Al-Bi-Cu合金的抗拉强度和延伸率同时提高，在TiC含量为1wt.%时达到最大值，分别为236MPa和12.46%。此外，含 1 wt.% TiC 的合金具有最低的摩擦系数和磨损损失，磨损表面光滑平整，表明均匀分散的富 Bi 相有利于提高合金的摩擦磨损性能。