Employing one-step hydrothermal treatment of o-phenylenediamine and lysine to exploit their self- and copolymerization, four kinds of CDs (ECDs, NCDs, GCDs, and LCDs) are synthesized, possessing different surface groups (CH₃, C–O–C, NH₂, and COOH) and lipophilicity which endow them with various uptake pathways to achieve tunable organelle imaging. Specifically, highly lipophilic ECDs with CH₃ group and NCDs with C–O–C group select passive manner to target to endoplasmic reticulum and nucleus, respectively. Amphiphilic GCDs with CH₃, C–O–C and NH₂ groups prefer caveolin-mediated endocytosis to locate at Golgi apparatus. Highly hydrophilic LCDs with CH₃, NH₂ and COOH groups are involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis to localize in lysosomes. Besides, imaging results of cell division, three-dimensional reconstruction and living zebrafish demonstrate that the obtained CDs are promising potential candidates for specific organelle-targeting imaging.

中文翻译：

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碳点的合理设计和摄取途径利用的可调谐细胞器成像

利用邻苯二胺和赖氨酸的一步水热处理，利用它们的自聚和共聚，合成了四种具有不同表面基团（CH ₃、C-O-C 、NH ₂和 COOH) 和亲脂性赋予它们各种摄取途径以实现可调谐的细胞器成像。具体而言，具有 CH ₃基团的高亲脂性 ECDs和具有 C-O-C 基团的 NCDs 选择被动方式分别靶向内质网和细胞核。具有 CH ₃、C-O-C 和 NH ₂基团的两亲 GCD更喜欢小窝蛋白介导的内吞作用以定位在高尔基体。具有 CH ₃ , NH 的高亲水性 LCD₂和 COOH 基团参与网格蛋白介导的内吞作用以定位在溶酶体中。此外，细胞分裂、三维重建和活斑马鱼的成像结果表明，获得的 CDs 是特定细胞器靶向成像的潜在候选者。