This study develops a framework for reconstructing the wave loads on a floating cylinder by utilising the monitored data of wave elevation and structural motions, which involve surge, sway, roll, and pitch motions. The proposed method can be applied to perform wave load monitoring and data collection for offshore structures in a stochastic wave field. The derivation of the wave load reconstruction based on the potential flow theory is presented in detail. The linear reconstruction method (as the basis of the proposed method) is first established to simplify the reconstruction process. A nonlinear reconstruction method considering the second-order wave effects is introduced to improve the reconstruction accuracy for nonlinear wave loads. The concept of wave load reconstruction on a complex structure is also addressed. A case analysis is performed on a floating circular cylinder under three conditions. When the structural motions are pure translational motions or pure rotational motions, the wave loads on the cylinder can be reconstructed accurately with the transfer functions ${\alpha }_{\tau ,n}$ and ${\beta }_{\tau ,n}$. When the structural motions consist of both translational and rotational motions, the transfer functions are dependent on the structural motion pattern. Singularity points with a specific motion pattern are present, whereby the reconstruction would fail. In the cases where diffraction and radiation waves occur simultaneously, the two types of waves need to be decoupled from the monitored wave elevation, and the wave loads caused by the diffraction and radiation waves are reconstructed separately.

本研究开发了一个框架，通过利用波浪高度和结构运动的监测数据重建浮筒上的波浪载荷，这些数据包括涌浪、摇摆、横滚和俯仰运动。所提出的方法可用于在随机波场中对海上结构进行波浪载荷监测和数据收集。详细介绍了基于势流理论的波浪载荷重构推导过程。首先建立线性重建方法（作为所提出方法的基础）以简化重建过程。引入考虑二阶波浪效应的非线性重构方法，以提高非线性波浪载荷的重构精度。还讨论了复杂结构上波浪载荷重建的概念。对浮动圆柱体在三种情况下进行案例分析。当结构运动为纯平移运动或纯旋转运动时，圆柱上的波浪载荷可以用传递函数准确地重建${\alpha }_{\tau ,n}$ 和 ${\beta }_{\tau ,n}$. 当结构运动由平移和旋转运动组成时，传递函数取决于结构运动模式。存在具有特定运动模式的奇异点，因此重建将失败。在衍射波和辐射波同时发生的情况下，需要将这两种波从监测到的波高中解耦，分别重建由衍射波和辐射波引起的波载荷。