In this research contribution, adaptive terminal sliding mode control (ATSMC) of the hybrid energy storage system (HESS) has been proposed having fuel cell as a major source and ultra-capacitor as an auxiliary source of energy. ATSMC has been proposed to control the switching operation in the converters and adapt the unknown parameters of the system. It also ensures the rapid tracking of the current references and regulates the DC-bus voltage for higher efficiency. Moreover, nonlinear stability analysis is done to promise the system stability while simulations are done in MATLAB/SIMULINK environment using the extra-urban driving cycle (EUDC) standard. An energy management algorithm has also been proposed to ensure effective power-sharing between the two sources depending upon their nature to improve the efficiency and life span of the HESS. In the simulation results, the proposed controller has been compared with controllers given in the literature to highlight its better performance in this application. Hardware-in-loop (HIL) test bench has also been used for the real-time implementation of the proposed controller to analyze its performance.

在这项研究贡献中，提出了混合储能系统（HESS）的自适应终端滑模控制（ATSMC），以燃料电池为主要能源，超级电容器为辅助能源。ATSMC 已被提议用于控制转换器中的开关操作并适应系统的未知参数。它还确保快速跟踪参考电流并调节直流总线电压以提高效率。此外，进行非线性稳定性分析以保证系统稳定性，同时使用市外驾驶循环 (EUDC) 标准在 MATLAB/SIMULINK 环境中进行仿真。还提出了一种能量管理算法，以确保两个来源之间根据其性质进行有效的功率共享，以提高 HESS 的效率和寿命。在仿真结果中，所提出的控制器与文献中给出的控制器进行了比较，以突出其在该应用中的更好性能。硬件在环 (HIL) 测试台也已用于实时实现所提出的控制器以分析其性能。