We aimed to evaluate the effects of tropical crop systems and phosphorus (P) availability on arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores’ community composition, and soil chemical properties in a Planosol at Tropical ecosystem from Brazilian Northeast. We collected rhizospheric samples containing soil and root fragments in a 5-year field experiment considering two groups of crop systems, i.e., no-till monocropping and agroforestry system, and testing two factors: the cropping system and the soil P availability. We identified the AMF community composition based on AMF spore’s morphology. We also characterized the soil chemical properties (e.g., soil pH, soil organic carbon, and available P) at samples level. Crop systems and soil P availability influenced the AMF community composition, and soil chemical properties. We found that: i) the abundance of Claroideoglomus claroideum, C. etunicatum, Rhizophagus intraradices, richness, Shannon’s index and Simpson’s index were positively correlated with no-till monocropping systems (Arachis hypogaea, Gossypium hirsutum, and Vigna unguiculata) and with all the studied agroforestry systems at low-P availability; and ii) soil pH, and soil organic carbon were positively correlated with no-till monocropping systems (Arachis hypogaea, Glicine hirsutum, Glicine max, and Sesamum indicum) at high-P availability, and Glicine max, Sesamum indicum, Zea mays, and agroforestry system at low-P availability. Our results highlight the positive effect of high P on AMF spores’ diversity, and the importance to consider both the crop system and soil P availability as key-factors promoting shifts into the AMF community composition and soil chemical properties in Tropical conditions.

我们旨在评估热带作物系统和磷 (P) 可用性对丛枝菌根真菌 (AMF) 孢子群落组成的影响，以及巴西东北部热带生态系统 Planosol 中土壤化学性质的影响。我们在一项为期 5 年的田间试验中收集了含有土壤和根碎片的根际样品，考虑了两组作物系统，即免耕单作和农林复合系统，并测试了两个因素：种植系统和土壤磷的有效性。我们根据 AMF 孢子的形态确定了 AMF 群落组成。我们还在样品水平表征了土壤化学特性（例如，土壤 pH 值、土壤有机碳和有效磷）。作物系统和土壤磷的有效性影响 AMF 群落组成和土壤化学性质。我们发现：i) 丰富的Claroideoglomus claroideum、C. etunicatum、Rhizophagus intraradices、丰富度、香农指数和辛普森指数与免耕单作系统（花生、棉花和豇豆）以及所有研究的低磷作物系统呈正相关；ii) 土壤 pH 值和土壤有机碳与免耕单作系统（Arachis hypogaea、Glicine hirsutum、Glicine max和Sesamum indicum）在高磷有效性以及Glicine max、Sesamum indicum 呈正相关，玉米和低磷可用性的农林业系统。我们的研究结果强调了高磷对 AMF 孢子多样性的积极影响，以及将作物系统和土壤磷可用性作为促进热带条件下 AMF 群落组成和土壤化学性质转变的关键因素的重要性。