Isocyanides have a long history, high versatility and have been used widely in various research fields, especially in multicomponent synthesis. Despite their many applications, isocyanides are strongly fetid, labile, and suspect of toxicity, thus researchers worldwide are hesitant to use them. The in situ generation and capturing synthetic protocols avoid environmental exposure and thus would be the sustainable alternative for the conventional use of isocyanides. This issue is consequently the main focus of the present review. The literature reports published in 2005–2020 are analyzed and categorized based on the class of heterocycles. The reaction conditions along with proposed mechanisms providing conventional approaches and novel elements are discussed aiming to deliver the readers an easy understanding of in situ versions of isocyanide-based multicomponent reactions and to provide insights for further investigations.

异氰化物历史悠久，通用性强，已广泛应用于各个研究领域，尤其是多组分合成。尽管有许多应用，但异氰化物具有强烈的恶臭、不稳定和毒性，因此全世界的研究人员都对使用它们犹豫不决。该原位生成和捕获的合成方案避免环境暴露，因此将是常规使用异氰化物的可持续替代。因此，这个问题是本次审查的主要重点。2005-2020年发表的文献报告是根据杂环的类别进行分析和分类的。讨论了反应条件以及提出的提供常规方法和新元素的机制，旨在让读者轻松理解基于异氰化物的多组分反应的原位版本，并为进一步研究提供见解。