Carbon-based polymeric material g-C₃N₄ is a metal-free semiconductor and gaining great attention due to abundance of raw materials, controllable appearance, tuneable optical properties, low friction coefficient, chemical inertness, and hardness. The unique structure of g-C₃N₄ provided by nitrogen lone pair interaction with $\pi$ states offers g-C₃N₄ the most promising material for various applications. Numerous g-C₃N₄ based heterojunctions and homojunctions materials have been prepared with enhanced photocatalytic performance. The review examines the journey of synthesis from bulk to 1D, 0D, 2D, 3D g-C₃N₄ nanomaterials and their synthesis strategies along with advantages and limitations of each material. Further, the review highlights different composites of g-C₃N₄, modifications of g-C₃N₄ and their potential applications in the fields of renewable energy, energy storage and pollution control etc. Each application is explained extensively such as water splitting, pesticide and dye removal, CO_2, and Cr (VI) reduction, DSSC, and sensors. Additionally, the existing challenges and their possible solutions strategies are discussed to prepare highly efficient g-C₃N₄. Finally, the review reveals the future prospects of g-C₃N₄ to improve its spectral response in visible light, structural modifications, green synthesis methods, etc. We expect that this review article will help in the evolution of new insights for the synthetic alterations and possible applications of g-C₃N₄ materials.

碳基聚合物材料 gC ₃ N ₄是一种不含金属的半导体，由于原材料丰富、外观可控、光学性能可调、摩擦系数低、化学惰性和硬度高而备受关注。gC ₃ N ₄的独特结构由氮孤对相互作用提供$\pi$各州为各种应用提供了最有前途的gC ₃ N ₄材料。许多基于gC ₃ N ₄的异质结和同质结材料已被制备，具有增强的光催化性能。该评论审查了从大块合成到 1D、0D、2D、3D gC ₃ N ₄纳米材料的过程及其合成策略以及每种材料的优点和局限性。此外，GC审查亮点不同复合材料₃ Ñ ₄，GC的修改₃ Ñ ₄及其在可再生能源、能源存储和污染控制等领域的潜在应用。对每个应用进行了广泛的解释，例如水分解、农药和染料去除、CO ₂和 Cr (VI) 还原、DSSC 和传感器。此外，还讨论了现有的挑战及其可能的解决方案，以制备高效的 gC ₃ N ₄。最后，该综述揭示了 gC ₃ N ₄在改善其可见光光谱响应、结构修饰、绿色合成方法等方面的未来前景。gC ₃ N 的可能应用₄材料。