Gastrointestinal cancers are one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Dysregulation of lncRNAs by epigenetic alteration is crucial in gastrointestinal carcinogenesis. Epigenetic alteration includes DNA methylation, chromatin remodeling, histone modifications, and deregulated-gene expression by miRNAs. LncRNAs are involved in biological processes, including, uncontrolled cell division, migration, invasion, and resistance to apoptosis and drugs. Multiple-drug resistance (MDR) is a crucial obstacle in effective chemotherapy for gastrointestinal cancers. MDR can be associated with the prognosis and diagnosis of patients receiving chemotherapeutic agents (i.e. cisplatin, oxaliplatin, platinum, 5-fluorouracil, gefitinib, methotrexate, taxol, cetuximab, docetaxel, and gemcitabine). In this review, we focused on recently known lncRNAs and their relation with miRNAs and chemotherapeutic drugs, and their modulation in gastrointestinal cancers. Moreover, we mentioned the future prospective and clinical application of lncRNAs as a critical indicator and biomarker in diagnosis, prognosis, staging, grading, and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.

胃肠癌是全世界最普遍的恶性肿瘤之一。表观遗传改变对 lncRNA 的失调在胃肠道癌变中至关重要。表观遗传改变包括 DNA 甲基化、染色质重塑、组蛋白修饰和 miRNA 的失调基因表达。LncRNA 参与生物过程，包括不受控制的细胞分裂、迁移、侵袭以及对细胞凋亡和药物的抵抗。多重耐药性（MDR）是胃肠道癌症有效化疗的关键障碍。MDR 可能与接受化疗药物（即顺铂、奥沙利铂、铂、5-氟尿嘧啶、吉非替尼、甲氨蝶呤、紫杉醇、西妥昔单抗、多西他赛和吉西他滨）的患者的预后和诊断相关。在这次审查中，我们专注于最近已知的 lncRNA 及其与 miRNA 和化疗药物的关系，以及它们在胃肠道癌症中的调节。此外，我们还提到了 lncRNA 作为胃肠癌诊断、预后、分期、分级和治疗的关键指标和生物标志物的未来前瞻性和临床应用。