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The effect of apparent distance on peripheral target detection.
Journal of Vision ( IF 1.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-9-9 , DOI: 10.1167/jov.21.10.8
Jiali Song 1 , Patrick J Bennett 1 , Allison B Sekuler 1, 2, 3 , Hong-Jin Sun 1
Affiliation  

Previous research suggests that peripheral target detection is modulated by viewing distance and distance simulated by pictorial cues and optic flow. In the latter case, it is unclear what cues contribute to the effect of distance. The current study evaluated the effect of distance on peripheral detection in a virtual three-dimensional environment. Experiments 1-3 used a continuous, dynamic central task that simulated observers traveling either actively or passively through a virtual environment following a car. Peripheral targets were flashed on checkerboard-covered walls to the left and right of the path of motion, at a near and a far distance from the observer. The retinal characteristics of the targets were identical across distances. Experiment 1 found more accurate and faster detection for near targets compared to far targets, especially for larger eccentricities. Experiment 2 equated the predictability of target onset across distances and found the near advantage for larger eccentricities in accuracy but a much smaller effect in reaction time (RT). Experiment 3 removed the checkerboard background implemented in Experiments 1 and 2, and Experiment 4 manipulated several static, monocular cues. Experiments 3 and 4 found that the variation in the density of the checkerboard backgrounds could explain the main effect of distance on accuracy but could not completely account for the interaction between target distance and eccentricity. These results suggest that attention is modulated by target distance, but the effect is small. Finally, there were consistent divided attention costs in the central car-following task but not the peripheral detection task.

中文翻译:

视距对周边目标检测的影响。

先前的研究表明,周边目标检测是通过观察距离和由图像线索和光流模拟的距离来调节的。在后一种情况下,尚不清楚哪些线索对距离的影响有贡献。当前的研究评估了距离对虚拟三维环境中周边检测的影响。实验 1-3 使用了一个连续的、动态的中心任务,模拟观察者在跟随汽车的虚拟环境中主动或被动地移动。外围目标在运动路径左侧和右侧的棋盘式墙壁上闪烁,距离观察者的距离很近和很远。目标的视网膜特征在不同距离上是相同的。实验 1 发现与远目标相比,对近目标的检测更准确、更快,特别是对于较大的怪癖。实验 2 将目标开始的可预测性等同于跨距离,并发现较大偏心在准确性方面的近场优势,但对反应时间 (RT) 的影响要小得多。实验 3 去除了实验 1 和 2 中实现的棋盘背景,实验 4 操纵了几个静态的单眼线索。实验 3 和实验 4 发现,棋盘背景密度的变化可以解释距离对精度的主要影响,但不能完全解释目标距离和偏心率之间的相互作用。这些结果表明注意力受目标距离的调节,但影响很小。最后,在中央跟车任务中存在一致的分割注意力成本,但在外围检测任务中没有。实验 2 将目标开始的可预测性等同于跨距离,并发现较大偏心在准确性方面的近场优势,但对反应时间 (RT) 的影响要小得多。实验 3 去除了实验 1 和 2 中实现的棋盘背景,实验 4 操纵了几个静态的单眼线索。实验 3 和实验 4 发现,棋盘背景密度的变化可以解释距离对精度的主要影响,但不能完全解释目标距离和偏心率之间的相互作用。这些结果表明注意力受目标距离的调节,但影响很小。最后,在中央跟车任务中存在一致的分割注意力成本,但在外围检测任务中没有。实验 2 将目标开始的可预测性等同于跨距离,并发现较大偏心在准确性方面的近场优势,但对反应时间 (RT) 的影响要小得多。实验 3 去除了实验 1 和 2 中实现的棋盘背景,实验 4 操纵了几个静态的单眼线索。实验 3 和实验 4 发现,棋盘背景密度的变化可以解释距离对精度的主要影响,但不能完全解释目标距离和偏心率之间的相互作用。这些结果表明注意力受目标距离的调节,但影响很小。最后,在中央跟车任务中存在一致的分割注意力成本,但在外围检测任务中没有。
更新日期:2021-09-09
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