Cancer immunotherapy has recently shown promising antitumor effects in various types of tumors. Among all immune checkpoints, the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway plays an important role in the immune evasion of tumor cells, making it a potent target in antitumor immunity. Accordingly, antibodies targeting the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway have been developed to attack tumor cells; however, resistance to immune therapy remains to be solved. Hence, identification of the underlying modulators of the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway is of significant importance to understand the mechanisms of antitumor immunotherapy. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) have been identified to regulate the PD-1/PD-L1 pathway, leading to participation in the immune response and immunotherapy. Therefore, this review focuses on the functions of lncRNAs and circRNAs in regulation of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis in tumorigenesis and tumor progression. We hope this review will stimulate research to supply more precise and effective cancer immune checkpoint therapies for a large number of tumors.

中文翻译：

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lncRNAs和circRNAs在肿瘤免疫治疗中PD-1/PD-L1通路中的作用

癌症免疫疗法最近在各种类型的肿瘤中显示出有希望的抗肿瘤作用。在所有免疫检查点中，PD-1/PD-L1通路在肿瘤细胞的免疫逃逸中发挥着重要作用，使其成为抗肿瘤免疫的有力靶点。因此，针对 PD-1/PD-L1 通路的抗体已被开发用于攻击肿瘤细胞；然而，对免疫治疗的抵抗仍有待解决。因此，鉴定 PD-1/PD-L1 通路的潜在调节剂对于了解抗肿瘤免疫治疗的机制具有重要意义。已鉴定出长链非编码 RNA (lncRNA) 和环状 RNA (circRNA) 可调节 PD-1/PD-L1 通路，从而参与免疫反应和免疫治疗。所以，本综述重点关注 lncRNA 和 circRNA 在肿瘤发生和肿瘤进展中调节 PD-1/PD-L1 轴的功能。我们希望这篇综述能激发研究，为大量肿瘤提供更精确、更有效的癌症免疫检查点疗法。