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Small bowel hemorrhage from check point inhibitor enteritis: a case report
BMC Gastroenterology ( IF 2.4 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-07 , DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01915-1
Kellie Young 1 , Emery Lin 1, 2 , Emerson Chen 3 , Brian Brinkerhoff 4 , Gregory Scott 4 , Jessica Yu 1
Affiliation  

There is rising utilization of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) for a growing number of metastatic malignancies. While gastrointestinal side effects of ICI are common, isolated ICI-induced enteritis leading to small bowel hemorrhage is rare. A 71-year-old man with a previously resected right colon adenocarcinoma on atezolizumab and recently treated Clostridioides difficile presented with acute on chronic abdominal pain and non-bloody diarrhea. A CT scan revealed enteritis of the duodenum and jejunum without colitis. Initial endoscopic work-up revealed many clean-based non-bleeding duodenal ulcers to the third portion of the duodenum and normal rectosigmoid mucosa. The patient initially improved on steroids but was readmitted on day after discharge with hematochezia and hemorrhagic shock. Repeat CT showed improvement in enteritis; however, repeat push enteroscopy revealed multiple duodenal and jejunal ulcers, two with visible vessels requiring endoscopic intervention. He continued to have significant hemorrhage requiring transfusions despite IV methylprednisolone. Conventional angiogram revealed multiple sites of active extravasation, and he underwent small bowel resection and subsequent IR embolization due to persistent bleeding. He was then started on infliximab 10 mg/kg with resolution of his small bowel hemorrhage and diarrhea. Severe isolated ICI-enteritis is rare and can lead to clinically significant gastrointestinal hemorrhage. Patients with severe ICI-enteritis on endoscopy should be carefully monitored for steroid refractory disease for consideration of step-up therapy such as infliximab.

中文翻译:

检查点抑制剂肠炎引起的小肠出血:1例报告

免疫检查点抑制剂 (ICI) 越来越多地用于治疗越来越多的转移性恶性肿瘤。虽然 ICI 的胃肠道副作用很常见,但导致小肠出血的孤立性 ICI 引起的肠炎很少见。一名 71 岁男性,曾接受过 Atezolizumab 切除右结肠腺癌,最近接受过艰难梭菌治疗,出现急性或慢性腹痛和非血性腹泻。CT扫描显示十二指肠和空肠肠炎,无结肠炎。最初的内镜检查显示十二指肠的第三部分和正常的直肠乙状结肠粘膜有许多基于清洁的非出血性十二指肠溃疡。患者最初在类固醇治疗后有所改善,但在出院后第二天因便血和失血性休克再次入院。重复 CT 显示肠炎改善;然而,重复推动小肠镜检查显示多处十二指肠和空肠溃疡,其中两个有可见血管,需要内镜介入。尽管静脉注射甲基强的松龙,他仍然有需要输血的严重出血。常规血管造影显示多处活动性外渗,由于持续出血,他接受了小肠切除术和随后的 IR 栓塞术。然后他开始服用 10 mg/kg 的英夫利昔单抗,小肠出血和腹泻得到缓解。严重的孤立性 ICI 肠炎很少见,可导致临床上显着的胃肠道出血。内镜检查中出现严重 ICI 肠炎的患者应仔细监测类固醇难治性疾病,以考虑升压治疗,如英夫利昔单抗。两个具有需要内窥镜干预的可见血管。尽管静脉注射甲基强的松龙,他仍然有需要输血的严重出血。常规血管造影显示多处活动性外渗,由于持续出血,他接受了小肠切除术和随后的 IR 栓塞术。然后他开始服用 10 mg/kg 的英夫利昔单抗,小肠出血和腹泻得到缓解。严重的孤立性 ICI 肠炎很少见,可导致临床上显着的胃肠道出血。内镜检查中出现严重 ICI 肠炎的患者应仔细监测类固醇难治性疾病,以考虑升压治疗,如英夫利昔单抗。两个具有需要内窥镜干预的可见血管。尽管静脉注射甲基强的松龙,他仍然有需要输血的严重出血。常规血管造影显示多处活动性外渗,由于持续出血,他接受了小肠切除术和随后的 IR 栓塞术。然后他开始服用 10 mg/kg 的英夫利昔单抗,小肠出血和腹泻得到缓解。严重的孤立性 ICI 肠炎很少见,可导致临床上显着的胃肠道出血。内镜检查中出现严重 ICI 肠炎的患者应仔细监测类固醇难治性疾病,以考虑升压治疗,如英夫利昔单抗。常规血管造影显示多处活动性外渗,由于持续出血,他接受了小肠切除术和随后的 IR 栓塞术。然后他开始服用 10 mg/kg 的英夫利昔单抗,小肠出血和腹泻得到缓解。严重的孤立性 ICI 肠炎很少见,可导致临床上显着的胃肠道出血。内镜检查中出现严重 ICI 肠炎的患者应仔细监测类固醇难治性疾病,以考虑升压治疗,如英夫利昔单抗。常规血管造影显示多处活动性外渗,由于持续出血,他接受了小肠切除术和随后的 IR 栓塞术。然后他开始服用 10 mg/kg 的英夫利昔单抗,小肠出血和腹泻得到缓解。严重的孤立性 ICI 肠炎很少见,可导致临床上显着的胃肠道出血。内镜检查中出现严重 ICI 肠炎的患者应仔细监测类固醇难治性疾病,以考虑升压治疗,如英夫利昔单抗。严重的孤立性 ICI 肠炎很少见,可导致临床上显着的胃肠道出血。内镜检查中出现严重 ICI 肠炎的患者应仔细监测类固醇难治性疾病,以考虑升压治疗,如英夫利昔单抗。严重的孤立性 ICI 肠炎很少见,可导致临床上显着的胃肠道出血。内镜检查中出现严重 ICI 肠炎的患者应仔细监测类固醇难治性疾病,以考虑升压治疗,如英夫利昔单抗。
更新日期:2021-09-08
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