Herein, innovative use of vacuum filtration approach to modify the circumferential surface of structural carbon fiber is proposed for improving the interfacial adhesion of composites by constructing a synergistic hydrogen-bond network on fiber surface via the utilization of carbon nanofibers (CNFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). The obtained hybrid reinforcement presents 123.18 MPa of interfacial shear strength, respectively 105.7% and 52.5% exceeding those of untreated fiber and CNF/CNT grafted fiber. Such dramatic improvement can be mainly assigned to the formation of dense hydrogen bonds among the richer hydroxyl groups of CNFs and PVA, and the active sites of CNTs, leading to larger energy consumption at interphase. Meanwhile, CNF/CNT assembled like the spider's web, which could deflect cracks and give rise to the gradual transition of interfacial modulus. This promotes the stress transfer and avoids the stress concentration. The vacuum filtration belongs to a facile, low-cost and eco-friendly strategy, which has been proven successful in obtaining composites with great interfacial adhesion, opening an advanced way for the surface modification of high-performance fibers.

在此，提出了创新性地使用真空过滤方法对结构碳纤维的圆周表面进行改性，通过利用碳纳米纤维（CNF）、碳纳米管在纤维表面构建协同氢键网络来提高复合材料的界面粘合力（ CNT）和聚乙烯醇（PVA）。所得混合增强材料的界面剪切强度为 123.18 MPa，分别比未处理纤维和 CNF/CNT 接枝纤维高 105.7% 和 52.5%。这种显着的改善主要归因于 CNFs 和 PVA 的富羟基之间形成致密的氢键，以及 CNTs 的活性位点，导致更大的界面能量消耗。同时，CNF/CNT像蜘蛛网一样组装起来，这可以使裂缝偏转并引起界面模量的逐渐转变。这促进了应力传递并避免了应力集中。真空过滤属于一种简便、低成本和环保的策略，已被证明成功地获得了具有良好界面附着力的复合材料，为高性能纤维的表面改性开辟了一条先进途径。