The present study reports the groundwork for preparing a greener catalyst, Candida rugosa lipase (CRL), supported on biomass-based nanocellulose-silica-reinforced polyethersulfone membrane (NC-SiO₂-PES) and proved its stability in synthesizing pentyl valerate. The NC-SiO₂-PES/CRL-catalyzed synthesis of the ester exhibited a ping-pong bi-bi mechanism, with a high V_max value and low K_m value over the free CRL, confirming the former's greater substrate affinity. The kinetics data demonstrated that the NC-SiO₂-PES/CRL was catalytically more efficient than its free counterpart. The lower Michaelis-Menten constant of NC-SiO₂-PES/CRL for pentanol (K_m,B = 43.53 mM) than valeric acid (K_m,A = 82.03 mM) indicates that pentanol was favored over the latter. Pertinently, the higher thermal deactivation values of NC-SiO₂-PES/CRL indicated that the NC-SiO₂-PES membrane successfully enhanced CRL thermal stability, and the process followed first-order kinetics (R² > 0.95). The NC-SiO₂-PES/CRL has a slightly greater activation energy (E_a) and activation energy for thermal denaturation (E_d) over the free CRL. NC-SiO₂-PES/CRL also exhibited extended operational stability, with a robust half-life of ∼150 h and the absence of leached protein after 60 min of agitation. The NC-SiO₂-PES/CRL's ability to be regenerated chemically and ultrasonically and reused without significant loss in enzyme activity denotes its potential cost-saving to produce pentyl valerate.

本研究报告了制备更绿色催化剂——Candida rugosa 脂肪酶（CRL）的基础，该催化剂负载在基于生物质的纳米纤维素-二氧化硅增强聚醚砜膜（NC-SiO ₂ -PES）上，并证明了其在合成戊酸戊酯中的稳定性。NC-SiO ₂ -PES/CRL 催化合成的酯表现出乒乓bi-bi 机制，与游离CRL 相比具有较高的V _max值和较低的K _m值，证实前者具有更大的底物亲和力。动力学数据表明，NC-SiO ₂ -PES/CRL 的催化效率高于其游离对应物。NC-SiO ₂ -PES/CRL 对于戊醇 (K _{m, B} = 43.53 mM) 比戊酸 (K _{m, A}  = 82.03 mM) 表明戊醇优于后者。相应地，NC-SiO ₂ -PES/CRL较高的热失活值表明NC-SiO ₂ -PES 膜成功地增强了CRL 的热稳定性，并且该过程遵循一级动力学（R ² > 0.95）。NC-SiO ₂ -PES/CRL 具有比游离 CRL 稍大的活化能 (E _a ) 和热变性活化能 (E _d )。NC-SiO ₂ -PES/CRL 还表现出扩展的操作稳定性，具有约 150 小时的稳健半衰期，并且在搅拌 60 分钟后不存在浸出的蛋白质。NC-SiO₂ -PES/CRL 能够通过化学和超声波再生和重复使用而不会显着降低酶活性，这表明它可以节省生产戊酸戊酯的成本。