Abstract

This paper analyzes the possibility to reduce the carbon footprint of exported products by implementing forest climate offset projects amid the introduction of the carbon tax on imports of high-carbon products, including those exported from Russia, by the European Union. The role of forests as absorbers of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions differs significantly in Russia and in the EU. It is suggested that the EU’s climate neutrality policy aimed primarily at the reduction of direct CO₂ emissions by sectors such as power, industry, and agriculture is a consequence of the insignificant role of European forests in greenhouse gas absorption. By contrast, Russia can achieve climate neutrality not only by reducing greenhouse gas emissions, but also by increasing their absorption by forests and implementing forest climate projects (FCPs). Taking into consideration the UNFCCC baseline and additionality requirements, three FCP types can be proposed for implementation in the Russian Federation. The possibility to monetize the carbon sequestration function of Russian forests in the framework of carbon offset projects is assessed.

中文翻译：

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俄罗斯森林的温室气体吸收潜力和减少出口国内产品碳足迹的可能性

摘要

本文分析了在欧盟对包括俄罗斯出口产品在内的高碳产品进口征收碳税的情况下，通过实施森林气候补偿项目来减少出口产品碳足迹的可能性。森林作为温室气体 (GHG) 排放吸收者的作用在俄罗斯和欧盟有很大不同。建议欧盟的气候中和政策主要旨在减少直接 CO ₂电力、工业和农业等部门的排放是欧洲森林在温室气体吸收方面作用微不足道的结果。相比之下，俄罗斯不仅可以通过减少温室气体排放，还可以通过增加森林对温室气体的吸收和实施森林气候项目（FCP）来实现气候中和。考虑到 UNFCCC 基线和额外性要求，可以建议在俄罗斯联邦实施三种 FCP 类型。评估了在碳抵消项目框架内将俄罗斯森林的碳封存功能货币化的可能性。