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Phosphorus mineral evolution and prebiotic chemistry: From minerals to microbes
Earth-Science Reviews ( IF 12.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-08 , DOI: 10.1016/j.earscirev.2021.103806
Craig R. Walton 1 , Oliver Shorttle 1, 2 , Frances E. Jenner 3 , Helen M. Williams 1 , Joshua Golden 4 , Shaunna M. Morrison 4 , Robert T. Downs 4 , Aubrey Zerkle 5 , Robert M. Hazen 6 , Matthew Pasek 7
Affiliation  

Phosphorus availability is considered a limiting factor in many scenarios for the origin of life. The concentration of P in environments of prebiotic interest will have been governed by the available mineral sources of P on the early Earth. A knowledge of early Earth P mineralogy and prevailing global and local environmental conditions is therefore needed to understand which scenarios for prebiotic chemistry are most plausible. Here, we review the plausible diversity of P-bearing phases at Earth's surface during the emergence of life. We consider phases that were delivered by meteorites (exogenous phases), as well as those that developed solely as a result of Earth system processes (endogenous phases). We take into account the known formation conditions of individual phases, as well as the observed temporal distributions of P-bearing minerals found at Earth's surface today. Our approach allows us to leverage what is known about changes in the Earth system in order to rule out the prebiotic relevance of many P-bearing phases. Meanwhile, we highlight a small number of phases that are of possible prebiotic relevance; specifically, exogenous schreibersite, merrillite, and apatite, and endogenous apatite, olivine, and glass. Prebiotic mineral-chemical scenarios can be formulated for each phase, with distinct requirements for the environmental and tectonic state of early Earth. We can therefore relate the plausibility of mineral-chemical scenarios to the nature of early Earth, bridging the fields of geoscience and prebiotic chemistry.



中文翻译:

磷矿物进化和益生元化学:从矿物到微生物

在生命起源的许多场景中,磷的可用性被认为是一个限制因素。具有益生元意义的环境中磷的浓度将受早期地球上可用的磷矿物来源的控制。因此,需要了解早期地球磷矿物学和普遍的全球和当地环境条件,以了解哪些益生元化学情景最合理。在这里,我们回顾了生命出现期间地球表面含磷阶段的合理多样性。我们考虑由陨石提供的阶段(外生阶段),以及那些完全因地球系统过程而形成的阶段(内生阶段)。我们考虑到各个阶段的已知形成条件,以及今天在地球表面发现的含磷矿物的观察时间分布。我们的方法使我们能够利用关于地球系统变化的已知信息,以排除许多含磷阶段的益生元相关性。同时,我们强调了可能与益生元相关的少数阶段;具体来说,外源性石辉石、磷灰石和磷灰石,以及内源性磷灰石、橄榄石和玻璃。可以为每个阶段制定益生元矿物化学情景,对早期地球的环境和构造状态有不同的要求。因此,我们可以将矿物化学情景的合理性与早期地球的性质联系起来,将地球科学和生命前化学领域联系起来。我们的方法使我们能够利用关于地球系统变化的已知信息,以排除许多含磷阶段的益生元相关性。同时,我们强调了可能与益生元相关的少数阶段;具体来说,外源性石辉石、磷灰石和磷灰石,以及内源性磷灰石、橄榄石和玻璃。可以为每个阶段制定益生元矿物化学情景,对早期地球的环境和构造状态有不同的要求。因此,我们可以将矿物化学情景的合理性与早期地球的性质联系起来,将地球科学和生命前化学领域联系起来。我们的方法使我们能够利用关于地球系统变化的已知信息,以排除许多含磷阶段的益生元相关性。同时,我们强调了可能与益生元相关的少数阶段;具体来说,外源性石辉石、磷灰石和磷灰石,以及内源性磷灰石、橄榄石和玻璃。可以为每个阶段制定益生元矿物化学情景,对早期地球的环境和构造状态有不同的要求。因此,我们可以将矿物化学情景的合理性与早期地球的性质联系起来,将地球科学和生命前化学领域联系起来。具体而言,外源性石辉石、磷灰石和磷灰石,以及内源性磷灰石、橄榄石和玻璃。可以为每个阶段制定益生元矿物化学情景,对早期地球的环境和构造状态有不同的要求。因此,我们可以将矿物化学情景的合理性与早期地球的性质联系起来,将地球科学和生命前化学领域联系起来。具体来说,外源性石辉石、磷灰石和磷灰石,以及内源性磷灰石、橄榄石和玻璃。可以为每个阶段制定益生元矿物化学情景,对早期地球的环境和构造状态有不同的要求。因此,我们可以将矿物化学情景的合理性与早期地球的性质联系起来,将地球科学和生命前化学领域联系起来。

更新日期:2021-09-20
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