ABSTRACT

Agaricus xanthodermus and other species of the yellow-staining section Xanthodermatei are responsible for mushroom-related poisoning cases that require treatment. However, longstanding anecdotal evidence indicates that this species appears to exhibit considerable variation in toxicity, resulting in gastrointestinal irritation of varying severity in most cases. We quantified the amount of phenol, hydroquinone, and catechol in mushrooms using a novel protocol for gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and investigated their levels in different basidiomatal structures, different developmental stages, and on different nutritional substrates. Phenol concentration was greater in the pileus than the stipe, in mature compared with immature basidiomata, and in basidiomata occurring in woody mulch versus lawns. Variation in toxicity is suggested to be due in part to variation in phenol concentration, developmental stage and tissue type consumed, and substrate. Variation in human sensitivity to simple phenols may also play a role but was not formally investigated in this study.

摘要

姬松茸和黄色染色切片的其他物种Xanthodermatei负责需要治疗的与蘑菇有关的中毒病例。然而，长期的轶事证据表明，该物种似乎表现出相当大的毒性变化，在大多数情况下导致不同严重程度的胃肠道刺激。我们使用一种新的气相色谱-质谱 (GC-MS) 方法对蘑菇中苯酚、对苯二酚和儿茶酚的含量进行了量化，并研究了它们在不同担子体结构、不同发育阶段和不同营养基质中的含量。菌盖中的苯酚浓度高于菌柄，成熟的担子体与未成熟的担子体相比，在木质覆盖物与草坪中发生的担子体中的酚浓度更高。毒性的变化被认为部分是由于苯酚浓度的变化，发育阶段和消耗的组织类型，以及底物。人类对简单酚类敏感性的变化也可能起作用，但在本研究中没有正式调查。