Objective

To determine the long-term durability of behavior therapy for tics among youth with Tourette disorder and persistent (chronic) motor or vocal tic disorders.

Method

Of the 126 youth who participated in a randomized controlled trial of behavior therapy 11 years prior, 80 were recruited for this longitudinal follow-up. Consenting participants were interviewed in person or remotely (Web-based video) by trained evaluators to determine the course of tics, current tic severity, and tic-related impairment. Recruitment and data collection occurred between 2014 and 2019, with an average follow-up duration of 11.2 years.

Results

Treatment responders to both conditions in the original trial achieved partial, but not full, tic remission. Tic severity also decreased significantly across the sample, with 40% reporting partial remission. Behavior therapy responders (n = 21) in the original trial were more likely (67%) to achieve remission at follow-up (Total Tic Score = 12.52, SD = 10.75) compared to psychoeducation/supportive therapy responders (n = 6, 0%) at follow-up (Total Tic Score = 20.67, SD = 6.92) on the Yale Global Tic Severity Scale. Tic-related impairment decreased across the sample, with no significant differences between treatment groups or responders.

Conclusion

Despite limitations of unmeasured variables and veracity of self-report at follow-up, this study supports guidelines recommending behavior therapy as the first-line intervention for tics. Further investigation of behavior therapy as an early preventive intervention also merits attention.

中文翻译：

---

抽动秽语障碍青少年行为治疗的长期结果

客观的

以确定抽动症青少年抽动症和持续性（慢性）运动或发声抽动障碍的行为治疗的长期持久性。

方法

在 11 年前参加行为治疗随机对照试验的 126 名青年中，招募了 80 名进行纵向随访。同意的参与者由训练有素的评估人员亲自或远程（基于网络的视频）采访，以确定抽动的过程、当前的抽动严重程度和抽动相关的损伤。招募和数据收集发生在 2014 年至 2019 年之间，平均随访时间为 11.2 年。

结果

在最初的试验中，对这两种情况的治疗反应者实现了部分但不是完全的抽动缓解。整个样本的抽动严重程度也显着降低，40% 的人报告部分缓解。与心理教育/支持治疗响应者 (n = 6, 0 %）在耶鲁全球抽动严重程度量表上（抽动总分 = 20.67，SD = 6.92）。抽动相关损伤在整个样本中减少，治疗组或反应者之间没有显着差异。

结论

尽管未测量的变量和随访时自我报告的准确性存在局限性，但本研究支持推荐行为治疗作为抽动一线干预措施的指南。行为疗法作为早期预防干预的进一步研究也值得关注。