An anode-free lithium metal battery (AFLMB) configuration can be used to develop electrolytes for wide-temperature applications. The charge/discharge performance of an electrolyte consisting of lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) in a mixture of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC), 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyl ether (TTE), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) has been is reported as an electrolyte for lithium metal batteries. It has a good passivating capability and wide electrochemical windows relative to the commercial electrolyte. Conversely, its lower ionic conductivity and high viscosity impede practical application. Hence, an electrolyte of 1 M LiPF₆ in EA/FEC/TTE/EMC (2:1:5:2 by vol.) is developed by adding a quaternary solvent of ethyl acetate (EA). The electrolyte exhibits a lower viscosity and higher ionic conductivity than 1 M LiPF₆ in FEC/TTE/EMC (3:5:2 by vol.). At 0 °C, 1 M LiPF₆ in EA/FEC/TTE/EMC (2:1:5:2 by vol.) provides capacity retention of 30 % and the average Coulombic efficiency (av. CE) of 95 % using the Cu||NMC111 after 40 cycles at a current density of 0.2 mA/cm². The synergy of higher ionic conductivity and formation of LiF layer in the developed electrolyte extends the service-temperature range of AFLMB. This study opens an avenue in developing low-temperature electrolytes using an AFLMB.

无阳极锂金属​​电池 (AFLMB) 配置可用于开发适用于宽温应用的电解质。由六氟磷酸锂 (LiPF ₆ ) 在氟代碳酸亚乙酯 (FEC)、1,1,2,2-四氟乙基-2,2,3,3-四氟丙基醚 (TTE) 混合物中组成的电解液的充放电性能，据报道，碳酸甲乙酯 (EMC) 可用作锂金属电池的电解质。相对于商业电解质，它具有良好的钝化能力和较宽的电化学窗口。相反，其较低的离子电导率和高粘度阻碍了实际应用。因此，1 M LiPF ₆的电解质在 EA/FEC/TTE/EMC（2:1:5:2，体积比）中，通过添加乙酸乙酯 (EA) 的季铵溶剂进行显影。该电解质在 FEC/TTE/EMC（体积比为 3:5:2）中表现出比 1 M LiPF ₆更低的粘度和更高的离子电导率。在 0 °C 下，EA/FEC/TTE/EMC（体积比为 2:1:5:2）中的1 M LiPF ₆提供 30% 的容量保持率和 95% 的平均库仑效率（平均 CE），使用Cu||NMC111 在 0.2 mA/cm ²的电流密度下循环 40 次。更高的离子电导率和在开发的电解质中形成 LiF 层的协同作用扩展了 AFLMB 的使用温度范围。这项研究为使用 AFLMB 开发低温电解质开辟了道路。