This study aimed to evaluate the global distribution, associated factors, and epidemiologic trends of gallbladder cancer (GBC) by country, sex, and age groups. The Global Cancer Observatory was interrogated for the disease burden of GBC using age-standardized rates (ASR). The prevalence of different potential risk factors for each country was extracted from Global Health Observatory and their associations with GBC incidence and mortality were examined by linear regression analysis using beta coefficients (β). The Cancer Incidence in Five Continents I-XI and the WHO Mortality database were searched and Average Annual Percent Change (AAPC) was generated from joinpoint regression analysis. The incidence (ASR = 2.3) and mortality (ASR = 1.7) of GBC varied globally in 2018 and were higher in more developed countries and among females. Countries with higher incidence had higher human development index (β_male = 0.37; β_female = 0.27), gross domestic products (β_male = 0.13) and higher prevalence of current smoking (β_female = 0.05), overweight (β_male = 0.02), obesity (β_male = 0.03), and hypercholesterolaemia (β_male = 0.07). Similar patterns of associations were also observed for mortality with an additional association found for diabetes (β_female = 0.07). Although there was an overall decreasing trend in mortality, an increasing trend in incidence was observed among some populations, particularly in males (AAPCs, 8.97 to 1.92) and in younger individuals aged <50 years (AAPCs, 12.02 to 5.66). The incidence of GBC varied between countries and was related to differences in the prevalence of potential risk factors. There was an increasing incidence trend among males and younger individuals. More intensive lifestyle modifications and disease surveillance are recommended for these populations.

本研究旨在按国家、性别和年龄组评估胆囊癌 (GBC) 的全球分布、相关因素和流行病学趋势。在全球癌症天文台用年龄标化率（ASR）审问GBC的疾病负担。从全球卫生观察站中提取了每个国家不同潜在危险因素的流行情况，并使用β系数 ( β )通过线性回归分析检查了它们与 GBC 发病率和死亡率的关联。五大洲 I-XI的癌症发病率和WHO 死亡率数据库搜索并从连接点回归分析中生成平均年度百分比变化 (AAPC)。2018 年 GBC 的发病率 (ASR = 2.3) 和死亡率 (ASR = 1.7) 在全球范围内各不相同，并且在较发达国家和女性中更高。发病率较高的国家人类发展指数较高（β_男性 =0.37；β_女性 =0.27）、国内生产总值（β_男性 =0.13）和当前吸烟率较高（β_女性 =0.05）、超重（β_男性 =0.02） , 肥胖 ( β_男性 = 0.03) 和高胆固醇血症 ( β_男性 = 0.07）。在死亡率方面也观察到了类似的关联模式，并在糖尿病中发现了额外的关联（β_女性 = 0.07）。尽管死亡率总体呈下降趋势，但在某些人群中观察到发病率呈上升趋势，尤其是男性（AAPC，8.97 至 1.92）和<50 岁的年轻人（AAPC，12.02 至 5.66）。GBC 的发病率因国家/地区而异，并且与潜在危险因素流行率的差异有关。男性和年轻人的发病率呈上升趋势。建议对这些人群进行更密集的生活方式改变和疾病监测。