ABSTRACT

This study examines the causal link between foreign direct investment inflows, ecological footprint, and economic growth using panel estimators from five Southeast Asian countries from 1990 to 2017. Results show that technological innovation, ecological footprint, and FDI inflows all have a positive impact on economic growth. Technological innovation and economic growth are both significant and positive determinants of FDI inflows. While FDI inflows, tourism, and the effects of economic growth are all positive factors, they all contribute to Southeast Asia’s ecological footprint. Moreover, we have found two-way causal link between ecological footprint and tourism, technological innovation, and ecological footprint. The results also revealed a one-way causal relationship between FDI inflows, industrialization, technological innovation, and tourist arrivals. Therefore, ASEAN countries are encouraged to foster environmental awareness among travel service providers by incorporating environmental concerns into their operations and activities, such as green restaurants, green hotels, green destinations, and green transportation.

摘要

本研究使用 1990 年至 2017 年五个东南亚国家的面板估计量检验了外国直接投资流入、生态足迹和经济增长之间的因果关系。结果表明，技术创新、生态足迹和 FDI 流入都对经济产生积极影响。生长。技术创新和经济增长都是 FDI 流入的重要且积极的决定因素。虽然外国直接投资流入、旅游业和经济增长的影响都是积极因素，但它们都对东南亚的生态足迹做出了贡献。此外，我们发现生态足迹与旅游、技术创新和生态足迹之间存在双向因果关系。结果还揭示了 FDI 流入、工业化、技术创新、和游客的到来。因此，鼓励东盟国家通过将环境问题纳入其运营和活动，例如绿色餐厅、绿色酒店、绿色目的地和绿色交通，来培养旅游服务提供商的环保意识。