Improving efficiency and stability has become an urgent issue in the application of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Herein, a kind of long-chain polymer or polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is added into the spiro-OMeTAD matrix to improve the film formation process and hence the device performance. It is observed that, after modification, the spiro-OMeTAD-based hole-transporting layer becomes uniform, continuous, and condensed. Meanwhile, the power conversion efficiency of the devices is upgraded. Compared with the control device, open-circuit voltage of the modified one (with moderate doping) increases from 1.06 (±0.03) to 1.10 (±0.02) V, fill factor increases from 72.20 (±3.44)% to 75.59 (±3.35)%, and the power conversion efficiency increases from 18.82 (±1.06)% to 20.51 (±0.82)% (highest at 21.78%) under standard test condition (AM 1.5G, 100 mW cm⁻²). Transient photocurrent/photovoltage decay curves, time-resolved photoluminance, and impedance spectroscopy studies show that the modification could accelerate charge transfer and retard interfacial recombination. In addition, the modification improves device stability. Due to the strengthened barrier against penetration of “H₂O/O₂/Ag,” the efficiency of the unsealed device could retain 91.49% (by average) of the initial one after 100 days storage in the dark [relative humidity = 30(±5)%]. This work shows that long-chain polymer doping could simultaneously improve efficiency and stability of spiro-OMeTAD-based PSCs.

中文翻译：

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通过在基于 Spiro-OMeTAD 的空穴传输层中掺杂 PMMA 聚合物同时提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的功率转换效率和稳定性

提高效率和稳定性已成为钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSC）应用中的紧迫问题。在此，将一种长链聚合物或聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯 (PMMA) 添加到螺-OMeTAD 基质中以改善成膜过程，从而改善器件性能。观察到，修饰后，基于螺-OMeTAD的空穴传输层变得均匀、连续和凝聚。同时，提升了设备的电源转换效率。与控制装置相比，改进型（中等掺杂）的开路电压从1.06（±0.03）增加到1.10（±0.02）V，填充因子从72.20（±3.44）%增加到75.59（±3.35） %，在标准测试条件（AM 1.5G，100 mW cm^-2 )。瞬态光电流/光电压衰减曲线、时间分辨光亮度和阻抗谱研究表明，这种修饰可以加速电荷转移并延缓界面复合。此外，修改提高了设备​​的稳定性。由于增强了对“H ₂ O/O ₂ /Ag”渗透的屏障，未密封装置的效率在黑暗中储存 100 天后仍可保持初始装置的 91.49%（平均）[相对湿度 = 30( ±5)%]。这项工作表明，长链聚合物掺杂可以同时提高基于螺-OMeTAD 的 PSC 的效率和稳定性。