From birth, interactions with others are an integral part of a person’s daily life. In infancy, social exchanges are thought to be critical for optimal brain development. This systematic review explores this association by drawing together infant studies that relate adult-infant behaviours – coded from their social interactions - to children’s brain measures collected during a neuroimaging session in infancy, childhood, adolescence or adulthood. In total, we identified 55 studies that explored associations between infants’ social interactions and neural measures. These studies show that several aspects of caregiver-infant behaviours are associated with, or predict, a variety of neural responsesin infants, children and adolescents. The presence of both concurrent and long-term associations - some of which are first observed just a few months postnatally and extend into adulthood - open an important research avenue and motivate further longitudinal studies.

从出生开始，与他人的互动就是一个人日常生活中不可或缺的一部分。在婴儿期，社会交流被认为是最佳大脑发育的关键。这篇系统评价通过汇总婴儿研究来探索这种关联，这些研究将成人-婴儿行为（从他们的社交互动中编码）与在婴儿期、儿童期、青春期或成年期的神经影像学会议期间收集的儿童大脑测量相关联。我们总共确定了 55 项研究，这些研究探索了婴儿社交互动与神经测量之间的关联。这些研究表明，照顾者-婴儿行为的几个方面与婴儿、儿童和青少年的各种神经反应有关，或可以预测这些反应。