Crotonylation is a kind of newly discovered acylation modification. Thousands of crotonylation sites have been identified in histone and non-histone proteins over the past decade. As a modification closely related to acetylation, crotonylation was reported to share many universal enzymes with acetylation. Crotonylated proteins have important roles in the regulation of various biological processes, such as gene expression, process of spermatogenesis, cell cycle, and also in the pathogenesis of different diseases, which range from depression to cancer. In this review, we summarize the research processes of crotonylation and discuss the advances of regulation mechanism of both histone and non-histone proteins crotonylation in difference physiological processes. Also, we focus on the alteration of the crotonylation under certain pathological conditions and its role in the pathogenesis of each disease.

中文翻译：

---

蛋白质巴豆酰化的作用及相关疾病

巴豆酰化是一种新发现的酰化修饰。在过去的十年中，已在组蛋白和非组蛋白中鉴定出数以千计的巴豆酰化位点。作为与乙酰化密切相关的修饰，据报道巴豆酰化与乙酰化共享许多通用酶。巴豆酰化蛋白在各种生物过程的调节中发挥着重要作用，例如基因表达、精子发生过程、细胞周期，以及从抑郁症到癌症等不同疾病的发病机制。在这篇综述中，我们总结了巴豆酰化的研究过程，并讨论了组蛋白和非组蛋白巴豆酰化在不同生理过程中的调控机制的进展。还，