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Glutamine synthetase regulation by dexamethasone, RU486, and compound A in astrocytes derived from aged mouse cerebral hemispheres is mediated via glucocorticoid receptor.
Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry ( IF 4.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-07 , DOI: 10.1007/s11010-021-04236-9
Theodosia Kazazoglou 1, 2 , Christina Panagiotou 3 , Chrysovalantou Mihailidou 4 , Ioanna Kokkinopoulou 3 , Anna Papadopoulou 3 , Paraskevi Moutsatsou 3
Affiliation  

Glucocorticoids (GCs) regulate astrocyte function, while glutamine synthetase (GS), an enzyme highly expressed in astrocytes, is one of the most remarkable GCs-induced genes. GCs mediate their effects through their cognate glucocorticoid receptor (GRα and GRβ isoforms); however, the mechanism via which these isoforms regulate GS activity in astrocytes remains unknown. We used dexamethasone (DEX), a classical GRα/GRβ agonist, RU486, which is a specific GRβ ligand, and Compound A, a known "dissociated" ligand, to delineate the mechanism via which GR modulates GS activity. Aged Mouse Cerebral Hemisphere astrocytes were treated with DEX (1 μM), RU486 (1 nM-1 μM) or compound A (10 μM), alone or in combination with DEX. GS activity and expression, GR isoforms (mRNA and protein levels), and GRα subcellular trafficking were measured. DEX increased GS activity in parallel with GRα nuclear translocation. RU486 increased GS activity in absence of GRα nuclear translocation implicating thus a role of GRβ-mediated mechanism compound A had no effect on GS activity implicating a GRα-GRE-mediated mechanism. None of the compounds affected whole-cell GRα protein content. DEX reduced GRα and GRβ mRNA levels, while RU486 increased GRβ gene expression. We provide evidence that GS activity, in astrocytes, is regulated via GRα- and GRβ-mediated pathways with important implications in pathological conditions in which astrocytes are involved.

中文翻译:

地塞米松、RU486 和化合物 A 在源自老年小鼠大脑半球的星形胶质细胞中的谷氨酰胺合成酶调节是通过糖皮质激素受体介导的。

糖皮质激素 (GCs) 调节星形胶质细胞功能,而谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS) 是一种在星形胶质细胞中高度表达的酶,是最显着的 GCs 诱导基因之一。GCs 通过其同源糖皮质激素受体(GRα 和 GRβ 同种型)介导其作用;然而,这些亚型调节星形胶质细胞中 GS 活性的机制仍然未知。我们使用地塞米松 (DEX),一种经典的 GRα/GRβ 激动剂,RU486,一种特定的 GRβ 配体,和化合物 A,一种已知的“解离”配体,来描述 GR 调节 GS 活性的机制。单独或与 DEX 组合使用 DEX (1 μM)、RU486 (1 nM-1 μM) 或化合物 A (10 μM) 处理老年小鼠大脑半球星形胶质细胞。测量了 GS 活性和表达、GR 亚型(mRNA 和蛋白质水平)和 GRα 亚细胞运输。DEX 与 GRα 核易位同时增加 GS 活性。RU486 在没有 GRα 核转位的情况下增加了 GS 活性,这表明 GRβ 介导的机制化合物 A 的作用对 GRα-GRE 介导的机制的 GS 活性没有影响。没有一种化合物影响全细胞 GRα 蛋白含量。DEX 降低了 GRα 和 GRβ mRNA 水平,而 RU486 增加了 GRβ 基因表达。我们提供的证据表明,星形胶质细胞中的 GS 活性是通过 GRα 和 GRβ 介导的途径调节的,这对涉及星形胶质细胞的病理状况具有重要意义。没有一种化合物影响全细胞 GRα 蛋白含量。DEX 降低了 GRα 和 GRβ mRNA 水平,而 RU486 增加了 GRβ 基因表达。我们提供的证据表明,星形胶质细胞中的 GS 活性是通过 GRα 和 GRβ 介导的途径调节的,这对涉及星形胶质细胞的病理状况具有重要意义。没有一种化合物影响全细胞 GRα 蛋白含量。DEX 降低了 GRα 和 GRβ mRNA 水平,而 RU486 增加了 GRβ 基因表达。我们提供的证据表明,星形胶质细胞中的 GS 活性是通过 GRα 和 GRβ 介导的途径调节的,这对涉及星形胶质细胞的病理状况具有重要意义。
更新日期:2021-09-07
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