Daqu provides enzymes and precursors for liquor fermentation, and is the core of liquor fermentation. In this study, 11 Bacillus strains were isolated from sesame-flavored liquor Daqu, which can not only produce protease and amylase, but also have antagonistic effects on common pathogens Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. According to the gyrA gene phylogeny analysis, these 11 Bacillus strains belong to three species, B1, Y14, Y15, and YPDW9 belong to Bacillus mojavensis, W7, W13, YPDW6, and YPDW12 belong to Bacillus subtilis, and W14, Y5, and YPDW1 belong to Bacillus velezensis. According to the results of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing, there are three strains in Bacillus mojavensis, among which Y14 and Y15 are the same ones. All four Bacillus subtilis strains and three Bacillus velezensis strains are different. The specific primers were used to randomly amplify the biological control genes expressing lipopeptide antibiotics (bioA, bmyB, ituC, fenD, srfAA, srfAB, yngG,and yndJ), and the results showed that antagonistic genes other than fenD gene were amplified in four Bacillus mojavensis strains; Bacillus subtilis amplification was significantly different, but srfAA, bmyB and yndJ genes were all present; All genes were amplified in Bacillus velezensis except YPDW1 without ituC. This research provides new ideas for strengthening Daqu and lays a foundation for improving the quality of liquor.

大曲为白酒发酵提供酶和前体，是白酒发酵的核心。本研究从芝麻香型白酒大曲中分离得到11株芽孢杆菌，其不仅能产生蛋白酶和淀粉酶，而且对常见致病菌大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌均有拮抗作用。根据gyrA基因系统发育分析，这11株芽孢杆菌属于3个种，B1、Y14、Y15、YPDW9属于Bacillus mojavensis，W7、W13、YPDW6、YPDW12属于Bacillus subtilis，W14、Y5、YPDW1属于Bacillus velezensis. 根据随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）分型结果，Bacillus mojavensis共有3株菌株，其中Y14和Y15是相同的菌株。所有四种枯草芽孢杆菌菌株和三种Bacillus velezensis菌株都是不同的。利用特异性引物随机扩增表达脂肽类抗生素的生物防治基因（bioA、bmyB、ituC、fenD、srfAA、srfAB、yngG、yndJ），结果表明4个芽孢杆菌中除了fenD基因外，还扩增出拮抗基因。 mojavensis菌株；枯草芽孢杆菌扩增有显着差异，但srfAA、bmyB和yndJ基因均存在；所有基因均在Bacillus velezensis中扩增除了没有 ituC 的 YPDW1。该研究为强化大曲提供了新思路，为提高白酒品质奠定了基础。