Importance Black youth in the US experience disproportionate contact with police even when accounting for criminal or delinquent behavior, which some experts say is fueled by racism and discrimination. While the literature supports the link between racism and adverse health outcomes, less is known about the impact of policing on the well-being of Black youth. Objective To systematically review the literature describing the association between police exposure and health outcomes for Black youth 26 years and younger. Evidence Review A search of PubMed, Embase, Criminal Justice Abstracts, PsycInfo, and Web of Science was conducted. Eligible studies included original peer-reviewed research published from 1980 to December 2020, with a participant population of Black youth, a focus on police exposure, and health as the outcome. Additional articles were identified by hand-searching reference lists of included studies. Data extraction was performed, followed by critical appraisal of all included studies using a convergent segregated approach in which quantitative and qualitative studies were synthesized separately followed by an overarching synthesis across methods. Findings A total of 16 quantitative studies including 19 493 participants were included in the review and demonstrated an association between police exposure and adverse mental health, sexual risk behaviors, and substance use. A total of 13 qualitative studies including 461 participants were included in the review, which corroborated and contextualized the quantitative evidence and provided additional health outcomes, such as fear for life or hopelessness. Conclusions and Relevance Evidence shows that police exposures are associated with adverse health outcomes for Black youth. Clinicians, scientists, public health practitioners, and policy makers can partner with local governments to enact reforms that mitigate the health impact of policing on youth.

中文翻译：

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警察暴露与美国黑人青年的健康和福祉：系统评价。

重要性 美国的黑人青年与警察的接触不成比例，即使考虑到犯罪或违法行为，一些专家表示，种族主义和歧视助长了这些行为。虽然文献支持种族主义与不良健康结果之间的联系，但人们对治安对黑人青年福祉的影响知之甚少。目的 系统回顾描述警察暴露与 26 岁及以下黑人青年健康结果之间关系的文献。证据审查 对 PubMed、Embase、Criminal Justice Abstracts、PsycInfo 和 Web of Science 进行了搜索。符合条件的研究包括 1980 年至 2020 年 12 月发表的经同行评审的原始研究，参与者为黑人青年，重点关注警察暴露和健康作为结果。通过手动搜索纳入研究的参考文献列表确定了其他文章。进行数据提取，然后使用收敛分离方法对所有纳入的研究进行批判性评估，其中定量和定性研究分别综合，然后是跨方法的总体综合。结果 共有 16 项定量研究（包括 19 493 名参与者）被纳入审查，并证明了警察暴露与不良心理健康、性危险行为和物质使用之间的关联。该评价共纳入了 13 项定性研究，包括 461 名参与者，这些研究证实了定量证据并将其背景化，并提供了额外的健康结果，例如对生命的恐惧或绝望。结论和相关性证据表明，警察接触与黑人青年的不良健康结果有关。临床医生、科学家、公共卫生从业者和政策制定者可以与地方政府合作，实施改革，减轻警务对青年的健康影响。