We study a model for frustrated tunneling ionization using ultrashort laser pulses. The model is based on the strong field approximation and it employs the saddle point approximation to predict quasiclassical trajectories that are captured on Rydberg states. We present a classification of the saddle-point solutions and explore their behavior as functions of angular momentum of the final state, as well as the carrier-envelope phase (CEP) of the laser pulse. We compare the final state population computed by the model to results obtained by numerical propagation of the time-dependent Schrdinger equation (TDSE) for the hydrogen atom. While we find qualitative agreement in the CEP dependence of the populations in principal quantum numbers, n, the populations to individual angular momentum channels, ℓ, are found to be inconsistent between model and TDSE. Thus, our results show that improvements of the quasiclassical trajectories are in order for a quantitative model of frustrated tunneling ionization.

我们研究了使用超短激光脉冲的受阻隧道电离模型。该模型基于强场近似，它采用鞍点近似来预测在里德堡态上捕获的准经典轨迹。我们提出了鞍点解的分类，并探索了它们作为最终状态角动量以及激光脉冲的载波包络相位 (CEP) 的函数的行为。我们将模型计算的最终状态种群与氢原子的瞬态薛定谔方程 (TDSE) 的数值传播获得的结果进行比较。虽然我们在主要量子数n中的种群的 CEP 依赖性中发现定性一致，个体角动量通道的种群ℓ, 发现模型和 TDSE 之间不一致。因此，我们的结果表明，准经典轨迹的改进是为了建立受挫隧道电离的定量模型。