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Visible-light Phase Curves from the Second Year of the TESS Primary Mission
The Astronomical Journal ( IF 5.3 ) Pub Date : 2021-08-31 , DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/ac0c7d
Ian Wong 1 , Daniel Kitzmann 2 , Avi Shporer 3 , Kevin Heng 2, 4 , Tara Fetherolf 5 , Bjrn Benneke 6 , Tansu Daylan 3 , Stephen R. Kane 5 , Roland Vanderspek 3 , Sara Seager 1, 3, 7 , Joshua N. Winn 8 , Jon M. Jenkins 9 , Eric B. Ting 9
Affiliation  

We carried out a systematic study of full-orbit phase curves for known transiting systems in the northern ecliptic sky that were observed during Year 2 of the TESS primary mission. We applied the same methodology for target selection, data processing, and light-curve fitting as we did in our Year 1 study. Out of the 15 transiting systems selected for analysis, seven—HAT-P-7, KELT-1, KELT-9, KELT-16, KELT-20, Kepler-13A, and WASP-12—show statistically significant secondary eclipses and day–night atmospheric brightness modulations. Small eastward dayside hot-spot offsets were measured for KELT-9b and WASP-12b. KELT-1, Kepler-13A, and WASP-12 show additional phase-curve variability attributed to the tidal distortion of the host star; the amplitudes of these signals are consistent with theoretical predictions. We combined occultation measurements from TESS and Spitzer to compute dayside brightness temperatures, TESS-band geometric albedos, Bond albedos, and phase integrals for several systems. The new albedo values solidify the previously reported trend between dayside temperature and geometric albedo for planets with 1500 K < T day < 3000 K. For Kepler-13Ab, we carried out an atmospheric retrieval of the full secondary eclipse spectrum, which revealed a noninverted temperature–pressure profile, significant H2O and K absorption in the near-infrared, evidence for strong optical atmospheric opacity due to sodium, and a confirmation of the high geometric albedo inferred from our simpler analysis. We explore the implications of the phase integrals (ratios of Bond to geometric albedos) for understanding exoplanet clouds. We also report updated transit ephemerides for all of the systems studied in this work.



中文翻译:

TESS 主要任务第二年的可见光相位曲线

我们对北黄道天空中已知凌日系统的全轨道相位曲线进行了系统研究,这些系统在 TESS 主要任务的第 2 年期间观察到。我们在目标选择、数据处理和光曲线拟合方面应用了与我们在第一年研究中所做的相同的方法。在选择进行分析的 15 个凌日系统中,有七个——HAT-P-7、KELT-1、KELT-9、KELT-16、KELT-20、Kepler-13A 和 WASP-12——显示出具有统计意义的二次日食和白天–夜间大气亮度调制。对 KELT-9b 和 WASP-12b 测量了小的东向日侧热点偏移。KELT-1、Kepler-13A 和 WASP-12 显示出归因于主星潮汐畸变的额外相位曲线变化;这些信号的幅度与理论预测一致。我们结合了来自 TESS 和 Spitzer 的掩星测量结果来计算几个系统的日侧亮温、TESS 带几何反照率、邦德反照率和相位积分。新的反照率值巩固了先前报告的 1500 K < 行星的日侧温度和几何反照率之间的趋势T < 3000 K。对于 Kepler-13Ab,我们对完整的二次日食光谱进行了大气检索,揭示了一个非倒置的温度 - 压力剖面,近红外区域有显着的 H 2 O 和 K 吸收,这是强光学的证据由钠引起的大气不透明度,以及从我们简单的分析中推断出的高几何反照率的确认。我们探索了相位积分(邦德与几何反照率之比)对理解系外行星云的影响。我们还报告了这项工作中研究的所有系统的更新过境星历。

更新日期:2021-08-31
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