Since the launch of the Kepler space telescope in 2009 and the subsequent K2 mission, hundreds of multiplanet systems have been discovered. The study of such systems, both as individual systems and as a population, leads to a better understanding of planetary formation and evolution. Kepler-80, a K dwarf hosting six super-Earths, was the first system known to have four planets in a chain of resonances, a repeated geometric configuration. Transiting planets in resonant chains can enable us to estimate not only the planets’ orbits and sizes but also their masses. Since the original resonance analysis and TTV fitting of Kepler-80, a new planet has been discovered whose signal likely altered the measured masses of the other planets. Here, we determine masses and orbits for all six planets hosted by Kepler-80 by direct forward photodynamical modeling of the light curve of this system. We then explore the resonant behavior of the system. We find that the four middle planets are in a resonant chain, but that the outermost planet only dynamically interacts in ∼14% of our solutions. We also find that the system and its dynamic behavior are consistent with in situ formation and compare our results to two other resonant chain systems, Kepler-60 and TRAPPIST-1.

自 2009 年开普勒太空望远镜发射和随后的 K2 任务以来，已经发现了数百个多行星系统。将此类系统作为个体系统和群体进行研究，可以更好地了解行星的形成和演化。Kepler-80 是一颗拥有六个超级地球的 K 矮星，它是已知的第一个在一系列共振中拥有四颗行星的系统，这是一种重复的几何配置。共振链中的凌日行星不仅可以让我们估计行星的轨道和大小，还可以估计它们的质量。自从 Kepler-80 的原始共振分析和 TTV 拟合后，发现了一颗新行星，其信号可能改变了其他行星的测量质量。这里，我们通过该系统光曲线的直接前向光动力学建模确定了开普勒 80 承载的所有六颗行星的质量和轨道。然后我们探索系统的共振行为。我们发现中间的四颗行星处于共振链中，但最外面的行星仅在我们解决方案的 14% 中动态相互作用。我们还发现该系统及其动态行为与原位形成一致，并将我们的结果与其他两个共振链系统 Kepler-60 和 TRAPPIST-1 进行比较。