The rapid detection and quantification of infectious pathogens is an essential component to the control of potentially lethal outbreaks among human populations worldwide. Several of these highly infectious pathogens, such as Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have been cemented in human history as causing epidemics or pandemics due to their lethality and contagiousness. SARS-CoV-2 is an example of these highly infectious pathogens that have recently become one of the leading causes of globally reported deaths, creating one of the worst economic downturns and health crises in the last century. As a result, the necessity for highly accurate and increasingly rapid on-site diagnostic platforms for highly infectious pathogens, such as SARS-CoV-2, has grown dramatically over the last two years. Current conventional non-microfluidic diagnostic techniques have limitations in their effectiveness as on-site devices due to their large turnaround times, operational costs and the need for laboratory equipment. In this review, we first present criteria, both novel and previously determined, as a foundation for the development of effective and viable on-site microfluidic diagnostic platforms for several notable pathogens, including SARS-CoV-2. This list of criteria includes standards that were set out by the WHO, as well as our own “seven pillars” for effective microfluidic integration. We then evaluate the use of microfluidic integration to improve upon currently, and previously, existing platforms for the detection of infectious pathogens. Finally, we discuss a stage-wise means to translate our findings into a fundamental framework towards the development of more effective on-site SARS-CoV-2 microfluidic-integrated platforms that may facilitate future pandemic diagnostic and research endeavors. Through microfluidic integration, many limitations in currently existing infectious pathogen diagnostic platforms can be eliminated or improved upon.

中文翻译：

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用于传染性病原体现场检测和定量的集成微流控平台：迈向 SARS-CoV-2 诊断平台的现场医学转化

传染性病原体的快速检测和定量是控制全球人群中潜在致命疫情的重要组成部分。其中一些高传染性病原体，例如中东呼吸综合征 (MERS) 和严重急性呼吸综合征冠状病毒 2 (SARS-CoV-2)，由于其致命性和传染性，已在人类历史上引起流行病或大流行。SARS-CoV-2 是这些高度传染性病原体的一个例子，这些病原体最近已成为全球报告死亡的主要原因之一，造成了上世纪最严重的经济衰退和健康危机之一。因此，在过去两年中，针对 SARS-CoV-2 等高传染性病原体的高精度且日益快速的现场诊断平台的需求急剧增长。当前传统的非微流体诊断技术由于其周转时间长、运营成本高以及对实验室设备的需求，其作为现场设备的有效性受到限制。在这篇综述中，我们首先提出了新颖的和先前确定的标准，作为为包括 SARS-CoV-2 在内的几种著名病原体开发有效且可行的现场微流体诊断平台的基础。该标准列表包括世界卫生组织制定的标准，以及我们自己的有效微流体集成的“七大支柱”。然后，我们评估微流体集成的使用，以改进当前和以前用于检测传染性病原体的现有平台。最后，我们讨论了一种分阶段的方法，将我们的发现转化为一个基本框架，以开发更有效的现场 SARS-CoV-2 微流体集成平台，这可能有助于未来的大流行诊断和研究工作。通过微流体集成，可以消除或改进当前现有感染性病原体诊断平台的许多限制。