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Industrial applications of cold-adapted enzymes: challenges, innovations and future perspective
3 Biotech ( IF 2.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-06 , DOI: 10.1007/s13205-021-02929-y
Anil Kumar 1, 2 , Srijana Mukhia 1, 3 , Rakshak Kumar 1
Affiliation  

Extreme cold environments are potential reservoirs of microorganisms producing unique and novel enzymes in response to environmental stress conditions. Such cold-adapted enzymes prove to be valuable tools in industrial biotechnology to meet the increasing demand for efficient biocatalysts. The inherent properties like high catalytic activity at low temperature, high specific activity and low activation energy make the cold-adapted enzymes well suited for application in various industries. The interest in this group of enzymes is expanding as they are the preferred alternatives to harsh chemical synthesis owing to their biodegradable and non-toxic nature. Irrespective of the multitude of applications, the use of cold-adapted enzymes at the industrial level is still limited. The current review presents the unique adaptive features and the role of cold-adapted enzymes in major industries like food, detergents, molecular biology and bioremediation. The review highlights the significance of omics technology i.e., metagenomics, metatranscriptomics and metaproteomics in enzyme bioprospection from extreme environments. It further points out the challenges in using cold-adapted enzymes at the industrial level and the innovations associated with novel enzyme prospection strategies. Documentations on cold-adapted enzymes and their applications are abundant; however, reports on the role of omics tools in exploring cold-adapted enzymes are still scarce. So, the review covers the aspect concerning the novel techniques for enzyme discovery from nature.



中文翻译:

冷适应酶的工业应用:挑战、创新和未来展望

极端寒冷的环境是微生物的潜在储存库,微生物响应环境压力条件产生独特和新颖的酶。这种冷适应酶被证明是工业生物技术中有价值的工具,可以满足对高效生物催化剂日益增长的需求。低温催化活性高、比活性高、活化能低等固有特性使冷适应酶非常适合在各行业的应用。对这组酶的兴趣正在扩大,因为它们具有可生物降解和无毒的特性,是苛刻化学合成的首选替代品。不管有多少应用,冷适应酶在工业水平上的使用仍然有限。本综述介绍了冷适应酶在食品、洗涤剂、分子生物学和生物修复等主要行业中的独特适应性特征和作用。审查强调了组学技术,即极端环境酶生物勘探中的宏基因组学、宏转录组学和宏蛋白质组学。它进一步指出了在工业层面使用冷适应酶的挑战以及与新型酶勘探策略相关的创新。冷适应酶及其应用文献丰富;然而,关于组学工具在探索冷适应酶中的作用的报道仍然很少。因此,本综述涵盖了从自然界中发现酶的新技术方面。

更新日期:2021-09-07
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