Some research on childhood adversity is critiqued for emphasizing the experiences of white, middle/upper-middle-class people and not accounting for adversities faced by more diverse populations. Adversities are also often summed up in ways that are unhelpful for targeting interventions to reduce risk of poor outcomes. I examine adversities across ecological levels—child, parent, family, and neighborhood—to determine the risk of externalizing behavior problems (EBP) using a racially diverse sample from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect (N = 1058). I consider whether family social capital can offset the effects of adversity across ecological levels. Longitudinal models indicate that adversities across multiple levels and those at the child, parent, and neighborhood levels increase risk of EBP throughout childhood. Cross-sectional models yield that early family social capital is associated with fewer EBP for children with multiple levels of adversity and at the child, parent, family, and neighborhood levels.

一些关于童年逆境的研究受到批评，因为它强调白人、中产/中上阶层人士的经历，而没有考虑到更多不同人群面临的逆境。逆境的总结方式也常常无助于针对干预措施降低不良结果的风险。我使用来自儿童虐待和忽视纵向研究 ( N= 1058）。我考虑家庭社会资本是否可以抵消逆境对生态水平的影响。纵向模型表明，多个层面以及儿童、父母和社区层面的逆境会增加整个儿童期 EBP 的风险。横截面模型表明，早期家庭社会资本与处于多层次逆境的儿童以及儿童、父母、家庭和邻里水平的儿童的 EBP 较少相关。