This study examines the goals of medical aid-in-dying (MAID) legislation introduced to the US Congress from 1994–2020 using a policy mapping analysis approach. Using congress.gov, we identified 98 bills, 23 bills were analyzed in this study. Most of the bills aimed to restrict the use of federal funds, to regulate the drugs commonly used for MAID, to prohibit the development of policies or practices supporting MAID, and to regulate practitioners’ roles in MAID. In practice, these bills would limit patient access to MAID by restricting drugs, funds, health care services, legal assistance, policy, and research. These findings suggest there lacks congressional support for MAID, even though polls of the public are divided yet favorable. Policymakers who support MAID should consider affirmative policies that 1) prevent MAID policies from discriminating against vulnerable groups, 2) support funding to study the use of MAID, and 3) build avenues to allow all qualified people to access MAID in places where it is legal.

本研究采用政策映射分析方法，探讨了 1994 年至 2020 年向美国国会提出的医疗辅助死亡 (MAID) 立法的目标。通过 congress.gov，我们确定了 98 项法案，本研究分析了 23 项法案。大多数法案旨在限制联邦资金的使用，监管常用于 MAID 的药物，禁止制定支持 MAID 的政策或做法，并规范从业人员在 MAID 中的角色。实际上，这些法案将通过限制药品、资金、医疗保健服务、法律援助、政策和研究来限制患者获得 MAID。这些调查结果表明，尽管公众民意调查结果存在分歧，但仍对 MAID 缺乏国会支持。支持 MAID 的政策制定者应考虑采取平权政策，1) 防止 MAID 政策歧视弱势群体，2) 支持资助研究 MAID 的使用，3) 建立渠道，允许所有合格人员在合法的地方使用 MAID 。