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Stripping foreign fighters of their citizenship: International human rights and humanitarian law considerations
International Review of the Red Cross ( IF 0.381 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-07 , DOI: 10.1017/s1816383121000278
Christophe Paulussen

This article will briefly present a number of international human rights law considerations related to the topic of citizenship stripping of foreign fighters, that is: “individuals, driven mainly by ideology, religion and/or kinship, who leave their country of origin or their country of habitual residence to join a party engaged in an armed conflict”, most notably the conflict in Syria and Iraq. After that, the article will focus on considerations in the context of international humanitarian law, which have been less frequently the subject of academic debate. This contribution concludes that citizenship stripping is not only highly problematic under international human rights law, but also from the perspective of international humanitarian law. The measure – which is likely to constitute cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment – violates Article 3 Common to the four Geneva Conventions, but it also undermines accountability for international humanitarian law violations already committed and can engender new violations through the non-removal of the suspect from the conflict zone. One of the few positive sides of the connection between the measure and international humanitarian law is that even if nationality is deprived, this will not have an effect on the international humanitarian law obligation to treat that deprived person humanely. In that sense, international humanitarian law provides a welcome – albeit temporary – safety net of decent treatment for people who have become victims of countries’ refusal to take responsibility for their own citizens.

中文翻译:

剥夺外国战斗人员的公民身份:国际人权和人道主义法考虑

本文将简要介绍与剥夺外国战斗人员公民身份主题相关的一些国际人权法考虑,即:“主要受意识形态、宗教和/或亲属关系驱使,离开原籍国或本国的个人惯常居住地加入参与武装冲突的一方”,尤其是叙利亚和伊拉克的冲突。之后,本文将重点关注国际人道法背景下的考虑,这些问题很少成为学术辩论的主题。本文的结论是,剥夺公民身份不仅在国际人权法下存在很大问题,而且从国际人道主义法的角度来看也是如此。该措施 - 这可能构成残忍,不人道或有辱人格的待遇或处罚——违反了日内瓦四公约的共同第 3 条,但它也破坏了对已经犯下的违反国际人道法的行为的问责,并可能因不将嫌疑人从冲突区带走而导致新的违法行为。该措施与国际人道法之间的联系为数不多的积极方面之一是,即使国籍被剥夺,这也不会影响国际人道法人道对待被剥夺者的义务。从这个意义上说,国际人道法为那些因国家拒绝为本国公民承担责任而成为受害者的人们提供了一个受欢迎的——尽管是暂时的——安全网。但它也破坏了对已经犯下的违反国际人道主义法行为的问责,并可能通过不将嫌疑人从冲突区带走而引发新的违法行为。该措施与国际人道法之间的联系为数不多的积极方面之一是,即使国籍被剥夺,这也不会影响国际人道法人道对待被剥夺者的义务。从这个意义上说,国际人道法为那些因国家拒绝为本国公民承担责任而成为受害者的人们提供了一个受欢迎的——尽管是暂时的——安全网。但它也破坏了对已经犯下的违反国际人道主义法行为的问责,并可能通过不将嫌疑人从冲突区带走而引发新的违法行为。该措施与国际人道法之间的联系为数不多的积极方面之一是,即使国籍被剥夺,这也不会影响国际人道法人道对待被剥夺者的义务。从这个意义上说,国际人道法为那些因国家拒绝为本国公民承担责任而成为受害者的人们提供了一个受欢迎的——尽管是暂时的——安全网。该措施与国际人道法之间的联系为数不多的积极方面之一是,即使国籍被剥夺,这也不会影响国际人道法人道对待被剥夺者的义务。从这个意义上说,国际人道法为那些因国家拒绝为本国公民承担责任而成为受害者的人们提供了一个受欢迎的——尽管是暂时的——安全网。该措施与国际人道法之间的联系为数不多的积极方面之一是,即使国籍被剥夺,这也不会影响国际人道法人道对待被剥夺者的义务。从这个意义上说,国际人道法为那些因国家拒绝为本国公民承担责任而成为受害者的人们提供了一个受欢迎的——尽管是暂时的——安全网。
更新日期:2021-09-07
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