The fungi of the order Onygenales can cause important human infections; however, their taxonomy and worldwide occurrence is still little known. We have studied and identified a representative number of clinical fungi belonging to that order from a reference laboratory in the USA. A total of 22 strains isolated from respiratory tract (40%) and human skin and nails (27.2%) showed a malbranchea-like morphology. Six genera were phenotypically and molecularly identified, i.e. Auxarthron/Malbranchea (68.2%), Arachnomyces (9.1%), Spiromastigoides (9.1%), and Currahmyces (4.5%), and two newly proposed genera (4.5% each). Based on the results of the phylogenetic study, we synonymized Auxarthron with Malbranchea, and erected two new genera: Pseudoarthropsis and Pseudomalbranchea. New species proposed are: Arachnomyces bostrychodes, A. graciliformis, Currahmyces sparsispora, Malbranchea gymnoascoides, M. multiseptata, M. stricta, Pseudoarthropsis crassispora, Pseudomalbranchea gemmata, and Spiromastigoides geomycoides, along with a new combination for Malbranchea gypsea. The echinocandins showed the highest in vitro antifungal activity against the studied isolates, followed by terbinafine and posaconazole; in contrast, amphotericin B, fluconazole, itraconazole and 5-fluorocytosine were less active or lacked in vitro activity against these fungi.

中文翻译：

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来自美国临床标本的类毛支真菌的修订揭示了意想不到的新颖性

Onygenales 目真菌可引起重要的人类感染；然而，它们的分类和全球分布仍然鲜为人知。我们从美国的参考实验室研究并确定了属于该订单的具有代表性数量的临床真菌。从呼吸道（40%）和人体皮肤和指甲（27.2%）中分离出的共有22株菌株表现出类似斑鳃病的形态。在表型和分子上鉴定了六个属，即 Auxarthron/Malbranchea (68.2%)、Arachnomyces (9.1%)、Spiromastigoides (9.1%) 和 Currahmyces (4.5%)，以及两个新提出的属（每个属 4.5%）。根据系统发育研究的结果，我们将 Auxarthron 与 Malbranchea 同义，并建立了两个新属：Pseudoarthropsis 和 Pseudomalbranchea。提议的新物种是：Arachnomyces bostrychodes、A. graciliformis、Currahmyces sparsispora、Malbranchea gunascoides、M. multiseptata、M.stricta、Pseudoarthropsis crassispora、Pseudomalbranchea gemmata 和 Spiromastigoides geomycoides，以及 Malbranchea gypsea 的新组合。棘白菌素对所研究分离株的体外抗真菌活性最高，其次是特比萘芬和泊沙康唑；相比之下，两性霉素 B、氟康唑、伊曲康唑和 5-氟胞嘧啶对这些真菌的活性较低或缺乏体外活性。