Osteoarticular Tuberculosis (TB) is a challenging issue because of its chronicity and recurrence. Many drug delivery systems (DDSs) have been developed for general chemotherapy. Herein, we take advantage of instant hydrogelation to in situ encapsulate drugs onto implants intraoperatively, optimizing the drug release profile against osteoarticular TB. First-line chemodrugs, i.e. rifampicin (RFP) and isoniazid (INH) are firstly loaded on tricalcium phosphate (TCP). Then, the encapsulating hydrogel is fabricated by dipping in chitosan (CS) and β-glycerophosphate (β-GP) solution and heating at 80 °C for 40 min. The hydrogel encapsulation inhibits explosive drug release initially, but maintains long-term drug release (INH, 158 days; RFP, 53 days) in vitro. Therefore, this technique could inhibit bone destruction and inflammation from TB effectively in vivo, better than our previous ex situ prepared DDSs. The encapsulating technology, i.e. instant hydrogelation of drug-loaded implants, shows potential for regulating the type and ratio of drugs, elastic and viscous modulus of the hydrogel according to the state of illness intraoperatively for optimal drug release.

中文翻译：

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即时水凝胶在术中将药物包封在植入物上以对抗骨关节结核

骨关节结核（TB）是一个具有挑战性的问题，因为它的慢性和复发性。许多药物输送系统 (DDS) 已被开发用于一般化疗。在这里，我们利用即时水凝胶在术中将药物原位封装到植入物上，优化了针对骨关节结核的药物释放曲线。一线化疗药物，即利福平（RFP）和异烟肼（INH）首先装载在磷酸三钙（TCP）上。然后，通过浸入壳聚糖（CS）和β-甘油磷酸盐（β-GP）溶液中并在80°C下加热40分钟来制备封装水凝胶。水凝胶封装最初抑制爆炸性药物释放，但在体外维持长期药物释放（INH，158 天；RFP，53 天）. 因此，该技术可以在体内有效地抑制结核病引起的骨破坏和炎症，优于我们之前的原位制备的 DDS。封装技术，即载药植入物的即时水凝胶，显示出根据术中疾病状态调节药物类型和比例、水凝胶的弹性和粘性模量以实现最佳药物释放的潜力。