Porous organic polymers (POPs), as a new category of advanced porous materials, have received broad research interests owing to the advantages of light-weight, robust scaffolds, high specific surface areas and good functional tailorability. According to the long-range ordering of polymer skeletons, POPs can be either crystalline or amorphous. Macrocycles with inherent cavities can serve as receptors for recognizing or capturing specific guest molecules through host–guest interactions. Incorporating macrocycles in POP skeletons affords win–win merits, e.g. hierarchical porosity and novel physicochemical properties. In this review, we focus on the recent progress associated with new architectures of macrocycle-based POPs. Herein, these macrocycles are divided into two subclasses: non-planar (crown ether, calixarene, pillararene, cyclodextrin, cyclotricatechylene, etc.) and planar (arylene–ethynylene macrocycles). We summarize the synthetic methods of each macrocyclic POP in terms of the functions of versatile building blocks. Subsequently, we discuss the performance of macrocyclic POPs in environmental remediation, gas adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis, fluorescence sensing and ionic conduction. Although considerable examples are reported, the development of macrocyclic POPs is still in its infancy. Finally, we propose the underlying challenges and opportunities of macrocycle-based POPs.

中文翻译：

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大环衍生的分级多孔有机聚合物：合成与应用

多孔有机聚合物（POPs）作为一种新型的先进多孔材料，由于具有重量轻、支架坚固、比表面积大和功能可定制性好等优点，受到了广泛的研究兴趣。根据聚合物骨架的长程排序，POPs 可以是结晶的或无定形的。具有固有空腔的大环化合物可以作为受体，通过主客体相互作用识别或捕获特定的客体分子。在 POP 骨架中加入大环化合物具有双赢的优点，例如分级孔隙率和新的物理化学性质。在这篇综述中，我们关注与基于大环的 POPs 的新架构相关的最新进展。在本文中，这些大环被分为两个亚类：非平面的（冠醚、杯芳烃、柱芳烃、环糊精、环三儿茶烯等）。) 和平面（亚芳基-乙炔大环）。我们根据通用构件的功能总结了每种大环 POP 的合成方法。随后，我们讨论了大环持久性有机污染物在环境修复、气体吸附、多相催化、荧光传感和离子传导方面的性能。尽管报道了相当多的例子，但大环持久性有机污染物的发展仍处于起步阶段。最后，我们提出了基于大循环的持久性有机污染物的潜在挑战和机遇。