The present work involves the fabrication of microtubes through the process of pulse electroforming by employing an in-house-developed micro-electroforming equipment. Theoretical modeling and simulation have demonstrated the role of cathode rotation and pulse waveform in ensuring uniformity of deposition. Nickel microtubes having wall thickness in the range of 8-144 µm have been successfully produced by varying the input parameters, viz. duty cycle and time of deposition. The fabricated micro-tubes have also been tested for their structural and mechanical characterization with the help of FESEM, EDAX, XRD, hardness testing, and surface roughness measurements. The electroformed Ni microtubes exhibit well aligned growth in the <111> direction with minimum crystallite size of 14 nm. The result demonstrates relation among duty cycle, crystallite size and hardness of the tubes. Moreover, the formulation of a multi-objective function and optimization utilizing two evolutionary algorithms, i.e., genetic algorithms and particle swarm optimization, are accomplished. An optimized parameter of 8 hours deposition time and 38.7% duty cycle is recommended. The results show the electroformed Ni tubes to possess geometries in microscale and crystallite size in nanoscale resulting in high hardness and good rigidity.

目前的工作涉及使用内部开发的微电铸设备通过脉冲电铸过程制造微管。理论建模和仿真已经证明了阴极旋转和脉冲波形在确保沉积均匀性方面的作用。壁厚在 8-144 µm 范围内的镍微管已通过改变输入参数成功生产，即。占空比和沉积时间。在 FESEM、EDAX、XRD、硬度测试和表面粗糙度测量的帮助下，还对制造的微管进行了结构和机械表征测试。电铸镍微管在 <111> 方向上表现出良好的排列生长，最小微晶尺寸为 14 nm。结果表明占空比之间的关系，管的微晶尺寸和硬度。此外，利用两种进化算法，即遗传算法和粒子群优化，完成了多目标函数的制定和优化。建议使用 8 小时沉积时间和 38.7% 占空比的优化参数。结果表明，电铸镍管具有微米级的几何形状和纳米级的微晶尺寸，从而具有高硬度和良好的刚性。