In recent years, studies investigating the protective effect of hydrogen-rich water (HRW) against different diseases and the toxicity of some substances have attracted increasing attention. Here, we assessed the effects of hydrogen-rich water on different nickel-induced toxic responses (reactive oxygen species (ROS), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) of stress responses, histopathological changes) and cocoon production in earthworm model. Earthworms were randomly divided into two main groups: water (W) group including control (CW: ultrapure water), 10 (10W), 200 (200W), and 500 (500W), and hydrogen-rich ultrapure water (HRW) group including control (CHRW: hydrogen-rich ultrapure water), 10 (10HRW), 200 (200HRW), and 500 (500HRW) mg of nickel chloride kg-1 soil for 14 days. We found that cocoon production was less affected by the nickel exposure of earthworms in the 500HRW group compared to the 500W group. The ROS levels in 200HRW and 500HRW groups were less than that of 200W and 500W, respectively. The epithelial degeneration, epithelial necrosis, and necrosis in muscle fibers in tissues of earthworm were less damaged in 200HRW and 500HRW groups compared to 200W and 500W, respectively. HRW groups significantly reduced the expression of 8-OHdG induced by nickel exposure and inflammatory cytokine response including TNF-α. The study showed that hydrogen-rich water could alleviate the toxic effects of nickel-induced oxidative and inflammatory damages in earthworms. The HRW treatment known for its cheap and eco-friendly propertıes without any negative effects on the ecosystem can be used as a green method for alleviating the toxification effects of heavy metals in contaminated soil and increasing cocoon production of earthworms.

中文翻译：

---

富氢水可减轻镍引起的毒性反应（炎症反应、氧化应激、DNA 损伤）并改善蚯蚓的茧生成。

近年来，富氢水（HRW）对不同疾病的保护作用以及某些物质的毒性的研究日益受到关注。在这里，我们评估了富氢水对不同镍诱导的毒性反应（活性氧 (ROS)、肿瘤坏死因子-α (TNF-α) 和 8-羟基-2'-脱氧鸟苷 (8-OHdG)）的影响）的应激反应、组织病理学变化）和蚯蚓模型中的茧生产。蚯蚓被随机分为两个主要组：水（W）组，包括对照（CW：超纯水）、10（10W）、200（200W）和500（500W），富氢超纯水（HRW）组包括对照（CHRW：富氢超纯水）、10（10HRW）、200（200HRW）和500（500HRW）mg氯化镍kg-1土壤14天。我们发现，与 500W 组相比，500HRW 组中蚯蚓的茧产量受镍暴露的影响较小。200HRW和500HRW组的ROS水平分别低于200W和500W组。与200W和500W组相比，200HRW和500HRW组的蚯蚓组织上皮变性、上皮坏死和肌纤维坏死损伤较少。HRW 组显着降低了镍暴露诱导的 8-OHdG 表达和包括 TNF-α 在内的炎症细胞因子反应。研究表明，富氢水可以减轻镍引起的蚯蚓氧化和炎症损伤的毒性作用。硬红水处理以其廉价、环保的特性而著称，对生态系统没有任何负面影响，可作为减轻污染土壤中重金属毒害作用和增加蚯蚓产茧的绿色方法。