Educational big data is becoming a strategic educational asset, exceptionally significant in advancing educational reform. The term educational big data stems from the rapidly growing educational data development, including students' inherent attributes, learning behavior, and psychological state. Educational big data has many applications that can be used for educational administration, teaching innovation, and research management. The representative examples of such applications are student academic performance prediction, employment recommendation, and financial support for low-income students. Different empirical studies have shown that it is possible to predict student performance in the courses during the next term. Predictive research for the higher education stage has become an attractive area of study since it allowed us to predict student behavior. In this survey, we will review predictive research, its applications, and its challenges. We first introduce the significance and background of educational big data. Second, we review the students' academic performance prediction research, such as factors influencing students' academic performance, predicting models, evaluating indices. Third, we introduce the applications of educational big data such as prediction, recommendation, and evaluation. Finally, we investigate challenging research issues in this area. This discussion aims to provide a comprehensive overview of educational big data.

教育大数据正在成为教育战略资产，对推进教育改革具有特殊意义。教育大数据一词源于快速增长的教育数据发展，包括学生的内在属性、学习行为和心理状态。教育大数据在教育管理、教学创新、科研管理等方面有着诸多应用。此类应用的代表性例子是学生学业成绩预测、就业推荐、以及对低收入学生的经济支持。不同的实证研究表明，可以预测下学期学生在课程中的表现。高等教育阶段的预测研究已成为一个有吸引力的研究领域，因为它使我们能够预测学生的行为。在本次调查中，我们将回顾预测性研究、其应用和挑战。我们首先介绍教育大数据的意义和背景。其次，我们回顾了学生学业成绩预测研究，如影响学生学业成绩的因素、预测模型、评价指标等。第三，介绍了教育大数据在预测、推荐、评价等方面的应用。最后，我们调查了该领域具有挑战性的研究问题。本次讨论旨在全面概述教育大数据。我们首先介绍教育大数据的意义和背景。其次，我们回顾了学生学业成绩预测研究，如影响学生学业成绩的因素、预测模型、评价指标等。第三，介绍了教育大数据在预测、推荐、评价等方面的应用。最后，我们调查了该领域具有挑战性的研究问题。本次讨论旨在全面概述教育大数据。我们首先介绍教育大数据的意义和背景。其次，我们回顾了学生学业成绩预测研究，如影响学生学业成绩的因素、预测模型、评价指标等。第三，介绍了教育大数据在预测、推荐、评价等方面的应用。最后，我们调查了该领域具有挑战性的研究问题。本次讨论旨在全面概述教育大数据。推荐、评价。最后，我们调查了该领域具有挑战性的研究问题。本次讨论旨在全面概述教育大数据。推荐、评价。最后，我们调查了该领域具有挑战性的研究问题。本次讨论旨在全面概述教育大数据。