Biosensors are analytical tools that can be used as simple, real-time and effective devices in clinical diagnosis, food analysis, and environmental monitoring. In the last years, electrospun nanofiber's engineering has emerged as a possible strategy to improve the performance of biosensor devices. These nanostructures present a high surface-to-volume ratio, interconnected porous structure, low barrier to diffusion, and adjustable surface functionality. Additionally, nanofibers have also been demonstrated to work efficiently as platforms to immobilize biomolecules, providing a suitable microenvironment to biologically active molecules, which is beneficial for biosensing performance. This review aims to highlight the different strategies (e.g., adsorption, covalent binding, entrapment, and imprinting) for immobilizing functional receptors onto nanofibers surface for the development of specific and sensitive (bio)chemical assays, which can be used for a wide range of applications. The attractive features of electrospun nanofibers and the biorecognition elements properties are also presented and discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future opportunities for the design of nanofiber-based biosensing interfaces are also addressed.

生物传感器是一种分析工具，可在临床诊断、食品分析和环境监测中用作简单、实时和有效的设备。在过去的几年里，电纺纳米纤维的工程已经成为提高生物传感器设备性能的一种可能策略。这些纳米结构具有高表面积与体积比、相互连接的多孔结构、低扩散屏障和可调节的表面功能。此外，纳米纤维也被证明可以作为固定生物分子的平台有效地工作，为生物活性分子提供合适的微环境，这有利于生物传感性能。本综述旨在强调不同的策略（例如、吸附、共价结合、截留和印记），用于将功能受体固定到纳米纤维表面，以开发特异性和灵敏的（生物）化学分析，可用于广泛的应用。还介绍和讨论了电纺纳米纤维的吸引人的特征和生物识别元件的特性。最后，还讨论了基于纳米纤维的生物传感界面设计的当前挑战和未来机遇。