Aneurysms are malformations within the arterial vasculature brought on by the structural breakdown of the microarchitecture of the vessel wall, with aneurysms posing serious health risks in the event of their rupture. Blood flow within vessels is generally laminar with high, unidirectional wall shear stressors that modulate vascular endothelial cell functionality and regulate vascular smooth muscle cells. However, altered vascular geometry induced by bifurcations, significant curvature, stenosis, or clinical interventions can alter the flow, generating low stressor disturbed flow patterns. Disturbed flow is associated with altered cellular morphology, upregulated expression of proteins modulating inflammation, decreased regulation of vascular permeability, degraded extracellular matrix, and heightened cellular apoptosis. The understanding of the effects disturbed flow has on the cellular cascades which initiate aneurysms and promote their subsequent growth can further elucidate the nature of this complex pathology. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the disturbed flow and its relation to aneurysm pathology, the methods used to investigate these relations, as well as how such knowledge has impacted clinical treatment methodologies. This information can contribute to the understanding of the development, growth, and rupture of aneurysms and help develop novel research and aneurysmal treatment techniques.

中文翻译：

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扰动流对指示血管动脉瘤发生、扩张和破裂的细胞变化的影响：病理学和方法学回顾

动脉瘤是动脉血管系统内的畸形，由血管壁微结构的结构破坏引起，动脉瘤破裂后会带来严重的健康风险。血管内的血流通常是层流的，具有高的单向壁剪切应激源，可调节血管内皮细胞功能并调节血管平滑肌细胞。然而，由分叉、显着弯曲、狭窄或临床干预引起的血管几何形状改变可以改变流量，产生低压力或扰动的流量模式。流动紊乱与细胞形态改变、调节炎症的蛋白质表达上调、血管通透性调节减少、细胞外基质降解和细胞凋亡加剧有关。了解紊流对引发动脉瘤并促进其后续生长的细胞级联反应的影响，可以进一步阐明这种复杂病理学的性质。这篇综述总结了当前关于扰动血流的知识及其与动脉瘤病理学的关系、用于研究这些关系的方法，以及这些知识如何影响临床治疗方法。这些信息有助于了解动脉瘤的发生、生长和破裂，并有助于开发新的研究和动脉瘤治疗技术。这篇综述总结了当前关于扰动血流的知识及其与动脉瘤病理学的关系、用于研究这些关系的方法，以及这些知识如何影响临床治疗方法。这些信息有助于了解动脉瘤的发生、生长和破裂，并有助于开发新的研究和动脉瘤治疗技术。这篇综述总结了当前关于扰动血流的知识及其与动脉瘤病理学的关系、用于研究这些关系的方法，以及这些知识如何影响临床治疗方法。这些信息有助于了解动脉瘤的发生、生长和破裂，并有助于开发新的研究和动脉瘤治疗技术。