Omniphobic membranes have acquired some recognitions for alleviating the membrane wetting in the robust membrane distillation because of the super-repulsion towards different surface tension liquids. In this study, the Ti-CNFs/PVDF composite membrane with omniphobicity and high permeate flux was fabricated via electrospraying multilevel heat-conducting nanofibers on the PVDF membrane and fluorosilane treatment simultaneously with one-step strategy. In detail, carbon nanofibers decorated by TiO₂ with hydrothermal treatment were immobilized on the surface by the adhesive attraction of PDMS to establish the re-entrant structure. Meanwhile, 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane was presented in the spraying liquid to gain the low surface energy for the surface. Additionally, the composite nanofibers played a role in mitigating the temperature polarization. A series of characterizations on membrane morphologies, wetting behaviors, structural peculiarities and stable properties were investigated systematically. The results showed that the re-entrant morphology consisted of the intersecting nanofibers was constructed skillfully, looking like the nest's hierarchical structure. The composite membrane displayed outstanding contact angles of 172.0 ± 1.8°, 170.5 ± 3.5°, 160.1 ± 2.6°, 165.0 ± 3.0°, 162.5 ± 4.5°, 151.0 ± 1.5°, 153.5 ± 3.5° and 118.0 ± 3.0° towards DI water, 3.5 wt% NaCl, 0.4 mM SDS, 0.4 mM CTAB, 0.4 mM Tween-20, ethanol, soybean milk and dodecane, respectively. The modified membrane presented a 167% LEP measurement of the pristine membrane and satisfactory chemical and thermal stabilities along with silver mirror phenomena. Furthermore, the omniphobic membrane exhibited anti-fouling and anti-wetting performances with high and stable permeate fluxes (36.3 kg/m²·h) as well as a nearly 100% salt rejection rate in the consecutive DCMD tests, where HA and diverse surfactants were added to the brine feed. This suggests the omniphobic membrane as a promising alternative for wastewater treatment in membrane distillation.

由于对不同表面张力液体的超斥力，疏水性膜在稳定的膜蒸馏中减轻膜润湿已获得一些认可。在这项研究中，通过在 PVDF 膜上电喷涂多级导热纳米纤维和氟硅烷处理同时一步策略制备了具有全疏水性和高渗透通量的 Ti-CNFs/PVDF 复合膜。详细地说，由 TiO ₂装饰的碳纳米纤维经水热处理的 PDMS 通过 PDMS 的粘附吸引力固定在表面上，以建立折返结构。同时，1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三乙氧基硅烷存在于喷涂液中以获得较低的表面能。此外，复合纳米纤维在减轻温度极化方面发挥了作用。系统地研究了膜形态、润湿行为、结构特性和稳定性的一系列表征。结果表明，由相互交叉的纳米纤维构成的折返形貌结构巧妙，看起来像巢穴的层次结构。复合膜表现出优异的接触角：172.0±1.8°、170.5±3.5°、160.1±2.6°、165.0±3.0°、162.5±4.5°、151.0±1.5°、153.5±3。对去离子水、3.5 wt% NaCl、0.4 mM SDS、0.4 mM CTAB、0.4 mM Tween-20、乙醇、豆浆和十二烷分别为 5° 和 118.0 ± 3.0°。改性膜呈现出原始膜的 167% LEP 测量值和令人满意的化学和热稳定性以及银镜现象。此外，全疏水膜表现出防污和抗湿性能，具有高且稳定的渗透通量（36.3 kg/m² ·h) 以及在连续 DCMD 测试中近 100% 的脱盐率，其中将 HA 和各种表面活性剂添加到盐水进料中。这表明全疏水膜是膜蒸馏中废水处理的有前途的替代品。