The main concept of this review article focuses on the technological development and scientific challenges faced in a broad range of cathode materials in the lithium-ion battery (LIBs). In the commercialized world, researchers are continuously making efforts to explore the cathode materials to enhance the electrochemical performance of the batteries. LIBs are excellent batteries for power generation in electric vehicles (EV) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEV). LIBs have ushered in a significant power revolution in various portable and smart energy storage devices. Stationary energy storage is an essential requirement that could be fulfilled by the fabrication and design of the advanced electrode material in LIBs with fast charge, slow discharge capabilities and high energy density. Numerous new electrode materials have been introduced for use in LIBs which are chemically modified through atomic and molecular engineering that possess unique microstructures which would substantially enhance the properties of the LIBs. The surface coating/doping can significantly enhance the electrochemical performance of the batteries. The cost, safety, electrochemical performance, materials dissolution and surface reaction of developed electrode materials are summarized. A significant improvement in battery performance is needed in terms of power delivery and energy density while maintaining a high capacity and long service life. The existing scenario of the cathode electrode materials in LIBs can be considered highly promising in increasing the performance of the batteries for making them more efficient.

这篇评论文章的主要概念侧重于锂离子电池 (LIB) 中各种正极材料所面临的技术发展和科学挑战。在商业化的世界中，研究人员不断努力探索正极材料，以提高电池的电化学性能。LIB 是用于电动汽车 (EV) 和混合动力电动汽车 (HEV) 发电的出色电池。LIBs在各种便携式和智能储能设备中迎来了一场重大的电力革命。固定储能是一种基本要求，可以通过在 LIB 中制造和设计具有快速充电、缓慢放电能力和高能量密度的先进电极材料来满足。许多新的电极材料已被引入用于 LIBs，这些电极材料通过原子和分子工程进行化学改性，具有独特的微观结构，可显着提高 LIBs 的性能。表面涂层/掺杂可以显着提高电池的电化学性能。总结了开发的电极材料的成本、安全性、电化学性能、材料溶解和表面反应。在功率传输和能量密度方面需要显着提高电池性能，同时保持高容量和长使用寿命。LIB 中阴极电极材料的现有方案在提高电池性能以使其更高效方面被认为是非常有前景的。