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Potato Nitrogen Response and Soil Microbial Activity as Affected by Fumigation
American Journal of Potato Research ( IF 1.5 ) Pub Date : 2021-09-05 , DOI: 10.1007/s12230-021-09843-2
James E. Crants 1 , Carl J. Rosen 1 , Linda L. Kinkel 2 , José Pablo Dundore-Arias 3 , Andrew P. Robinson 4 , Neil C. Gudmestad 5
Affiliation  

In North America, potato early dying is often controlled using soil fumigants. Fumigants confer benefits on plant health but also impact soil microbial activity, including nitrogen (N) cycling. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of two soil fumigants, chloropicrin and metam sodium, on potato crop yield, N uptake, and N use efficiency (NUE), as well as soilborne pathogens, soil microbial respiration rates and soil concentrations of NH4+-N and NO3-N. We established a field study with a split-plot randomized complete block design in 2016 and 2017, with whole plots divided among three fumigation treatments (no fumigant, chloropicrin, or metam sodium) and split into five subplots, each receiving a different total application rate of N (45, 135, 202, 269, or 336 kg·ha−1 N). Both fumigants suppressed Verticillium dahliae propagule concentrations and foliar symptoms of potato early dying while increasing yield, final tuber set, N uptake, and NUE. Fumigation did not affect the agronomic optimum N rate, nor the response of marketable yield to N rate, but it did increase yield per unit N applied (partial factor productivity) by 16% and 35% over the non-fumigated controls in 2016 and 2017, respectively. Chloropicrin, but not metam sodium, reduced the prevalence of common scab symptoms in tubers. Both fumigants decreased microbial respiration rates before planting and at midseason. Fumigants reduced nitrification rates before planting and at midseason, with chloropicrin having a particularly strong effect before planting. While fumigation conferred benefits to yield and NUE, its effects on microbial community structure and function merit further study.



中文翻译:

熏蒸对马铃薯氮素响应和土壤微生物活性的影响

在北美,马铃薯早死通常使用土壤熏蒸剂来控制。熏蒸剂对植物健康有益,但也会影响土壤微生物活动,包括氮 (N) 循环。本研究的目的是评估两种土壤熏蒸剂氯化苦和美他因钠对马铃薯作物产量、氮吸收和氮利用效率 (NUE) 以及土传病原体、土壤微生物呼吸速率和土壤浓度的影响。 NH 4 + -N 和 NO 3 --N。我们在 2016 年和 2017 年建立了一项采用裂区随机完整区组设计的田间研究,将整区划分为三种熏蒸处理(无熏蒸剂、氯化苦或溴氰菊酯)并分成五个子区,每个子区的总施用量不同N (45、135、202、269 或 336 kg·ha -1  N)。两种熏蒸剂都能抑制大丽轮枝菌马铃薯早死的繁殖体浓度和叶面症状,同时增加产量、最终块茎、氮吸收和 NUE。熏蒸不影响农艺最佳施氮量,也不影响可销售产量对施氮量的反应,但与 2016 年和 2017 年的非熏蒸对照相比,它确实使施用的单位施氮产量(部分要素生产力)提高了 16% 和 35% , 分别。氯化苦,但不是元胺钠,降低了块茎常见痂病症状的发生率。两种熏蒸剂都降低了种植前和季节中期的微生物呼吸率。熏蒸剂在种植前和季节中期降低硝化率,氯化苦在种植前具有特别强的作用。虽然熏蒸对产量和 NUE 有益,但其对微生物群落结构和功能的影响值得进一步研究。

更新日期:2021-09-06
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