Volumetric imaging of dynamic signals in a large, moving, and light-scattering specimen is extremely challenging, owing to the requirement on high spatiotemporal resolution and difficulty in obtaining high-contrast signals. Here we report that through combining a microfluidic chip-enabled digital scanning light-sheet illumination strategy with deep-learning based image restoration, we can realize isotropic 3D imaging of a whole crawling Drosophila larva on an ordinary inverted microscope at a single-cell resolution and a high volumetric imaging rate up to 20 Hz. Enabled with high performances even unmet by current standard light-sheet fluorescence microscopes, we in toto record the neural activities during the forward and backward crawling of a 1st instar larva, and successfully correlate the calcium spiking of motor neurons with the locomotion patterns.

中文翻译：

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深度学习片上光片显微镜可实现动态生物标本的视频速率体积成像

由于需要高时空分辨率和难以获得高对比度信号，因此对大型、移动和光散射样本中的动态信号进行体积成像极具挑战性。在这里，我们报告说，通过将启用微流控芯片的数字扫描光片照明策略与基于深度学习的图像恢复相结合，我们可以在普通倒置显微镜上以单细胞分辨率实现整个爬行的果蝇幼虫的各向同性 3D 成像和高达 20 Hz 的高体积成像速率。实现了当前标准光片荧光显微镜无法满足的高性能，我们全面 记录一龄幼虫向前和向后爬行过程中的神经活动，并成功地将运动神经元的钙尖峰与运动模式相关联。