The growth of metal chalcogenide nanowires (NWs) on metal substrates is challenging work since the direct reactions taking place between the chalcogen (S, Se or Te) and zero-valent metal (M⁰) are frequently unable to regulate the crystallization of nanocrystals in an anisotropic one-dimensional (1D) manner. We here report the use of Ag₂Se seeds as catalyst particles to realize the growth of metal selenide (MSe) NWs on their respective metal foil or flakes, including ZnSe/Zn, CdSe/Cd, and MnSe/Mn material systems. Metal foil or flakes (M = Zn, Cd and Mn) serve as a support substrate as well as a metal cation source during the NW synthesis. The preformed Ag₂Se seeds play the roles of not only catalytic particles that initiate a so-called solution–solid–solid process to produce crystalline MSe NWs on metal substrates, but also inert impurities that promote an electrochemical anodic reaction of the metal to supply metal cations (M⁰ − 2e → M²⁺) for the NW formation. The microstructural studies by HRTEM reveal the polytypism and particularly the diameter-dependence of crystal phases and growth directions in the resulting MSe NWs, which can be rationalized from the viewpoints of the energetics and the catalyst/NW interfacial structures. These semiconductor NWs grown on metal foil or flakes may find wide use in photoelectric catalysis and devices without a transfer process of free-standing NWs onto a conductive support substrate.

中文翻译：

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通过 Ag2Se 催化的溶液-固-固机制（M = Zn、Cd 和 Mn）在金属基底上生长 MSe 半导体纳米线

金属硫属元素化物纳米线 (NWs) 在金属基材上的生长是一项具有挑战性的工作，因为硫属元素 (S、Se 或 Te) 和零价金属 (M ⁰ )之间发生的直接反应通常无法调节纳米晶体在各向异性一维 (1D) 方式。我们在这里报告了使用 Ag ₂ Se 种子作为催化剂颗粒来实现金属硒化物 (MSe) NW 在其各自的金属箔或薄片上的生长，包括 ZnSe/Zn、CdSe/Cd 和 MnSe/Mn 材料系统。金属箔或薄片（M = Zn、Cd 和 Mn）在 NW 合成过程中用作支撑基材和金属阳离子源。预制的 Ag ₂硒种子不仅起到催化颗粒的作用，启动所谓的溶液-固体-固体过程以在金属基材上产生结晶 MSe NWs，而且还起到促进金属电化学阳极反应以提供金属阳离子（M ⁰ − 2e → M ²⁺ ) 用于 NW 地层。HRTEM 的微观结构研究揭示了多型性，特别是所得 MSe NW 中晶相和生长方向的直径依赖性，这可以从能量学和催化剂/NW 界面结构的角度进行合理化。这些在金属箔或薄片上生长的半导体 NW 可广泛用于光电催化和设备，而无需将自立式 NW 转移到导电支撑基板上。