Professor of Māori Studies, Angus Macfarlane opened the 18th International Medical Geography Symposium (IMGS) in Queenstown, New Zealand. He offered the image of the braided river as a symbol of the potential co-learning possible between the ‘streams’ of Western science and Indigenous knowledge (Macfarlane et al., 2015). Braided rivers are a distinctive landscape feature of Te Waipounamu (New Zealand's South Island). Their scale and power have led them to be deeply significant to Ngāi Tahu, the tāngata whenua (people of the land). These mighty rivers, complex systems of constantly shifting shingle and gravel channels (Williams, 2017), have become part of Ngāi Tahu cultural identity and ūkaipō (sense of place) (SPREU, 2018). MacFarlane's He Awa Whiria model sees Western and Indigenous knowledge systems as distinct streams, able to combine through braiding, all the while retaining the uniqueness of each stream.

毛利人研究教授 Angus Macfarlane 在新西兰皇后镇主持了第 18 届国际医学地理学研讨会 (IMGS)。他提供了辫状河的图像，作为西方科学“溪流”与土著知识之间可能进行的潜在共同学习的象征（Macfarlane 等，2015）。辫状河流是 Te Waipounamu（新西兰南岛）的独特景观特征。他们的规模和力量使他们对 Ngāi Tahu，tāngata whenua（这片土地的人民）具有深远的意义。这些强大的河流、不断变化的石板和砾石渠道的复杂系统（威廉姆斯，2017 年），已成为 Ngāi Tahu 文化身份和 ūkaipō（地方感）的一部分（SPREU，2018 年）。MacFarlane 的 He Awa Whiria 模型将西方和土著知识系统视为不同的流，