Servitisation is usually associated to Industry 4.0, as it is conceived as the bundling of products and services by manufacturing firms, with the aim to compete on the market. This paper, instead, separates out the two concepts, claiming that, notwithstanding certain areas of overlap, these transformations involve different actors, different sources of value creation and deeply affect the economy and society with differentiated spatial development patterns. The territorial dimension of these transformations has been so far neglected in the literature. Instead, where these technological transformations take place is important, since they are sources of new growth opportunities as well as of new interregional inequalities. This paper aims at conceptually providing an operational definition of the different technological transformations, and empirically identifying them in the European territory. On conceptual grounds, the paper elaborates on why and in which territorial contexts these transformations are most likely to take place and, on empirical grounds, the paper documents the existence of such transformations in European NUTS-2 region over the period 2008-2016.

服务化通常与工业 4.0 相关，因为它被认为是制造企业捆绑产品和服务，旨在在市场上竞争。相反，本文将这两个概念分开，认为尽管存在某些重叠领域，但这些转变涉及不同的参与者、不同的价值创造来源，并以差异化的空间发展模式深刻影响经济和社会。迄今为止，这些转变的领土维度在文献中一直被忽视。相反，这些技术变革发生的地点很重要，因为它们是新的增长机会和新的区域间不平等的来源。本文旨在从概念上提供不同技术转型的操作定义，并根据经验在欧洲领土上识别它们。在概念上，本文详细阐述了这些转变最有可能发生的原因和地域背景，并根据经验，本文记录了 2008 年至 2016 年期间欧洲 NUTS-2 地区存在此类转变。