The Sanjiang Tethys region in SW China lies in the tectonic junction of the Tethys domain, and represents a key precious/base metal province in China. Based on a compilation of studies from the past decades on the formation, evolution, and metallogenesis of the tectonic units in the region, we proposed a multi-arc-basin-terrane (MABT) structural framework for the Paleo-Tethys Sanjiang region. Convergence between South China and Indochina-Pu'er blocks had led to the accretion of many island arcs and micro-continental terranes, which is different from the traditionally direct convergence between two continents. Such prolonged terrane accretion process likely formed the various metallogenetic belts that contain diverse deposit types and mineral assemblages. In this contribution, we divided the Sanjiang region into ten metallogenetic belts, according to their characteristic lithologic assemblages, structures, and interpreted tectonic settings. Subsequently, we discussed the regional tectonic-metallogenic evolution of these ten ore belts and propose their metallogenetic models. This study reveals a genetic link between the MABT system and the regional metallogenesis, which is important for future mineral exploration in this region.